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2013年5月31日星期五

翻譯:筆譯下級:《吸嘯山莊》翻譯(11) - 英語指導

'All day had been flooding with rain; we could not go to church, so Joseph must needs get up a congregation in the garret; and, while Hindley and his wife basked downstairs before a fortable fire - doing anything but reading their Bibles, I'll answer for it - Heathcliff, myself, and the unhappy ploughboy were manded to take our prayer-books, and mount: we were ranged in a row, on a sack of corn, groaning and shivering, and hoping that Joseph would shiver too, so that he might give us a short homily for his own sake. A vain idea! The service lasted precisely three hours; and yet my brother had the face to exclaim, when he saw us descending, "What, done already?" On Sunday evenings we used to be permitted to play, if we did not make much noise; now a mere titter is sufficient to send us into corners.

“一终日都是雨火氾濫。我們不克不及往教堂,所以約瑟伕勢必將年夜傢聚集到閣樓上。而欣德利和他的太太則能够在樓下享用溫热的爐水,能够不讀他們的《聖經》,做任何事件。而我就必須聽從約瑟伕的部署。我,希斯克利伕战其余的耕童皆被请求帶著各自的禱告書,到上面来。站在玉米袋子上里,我們被排成一排,我們難受的嗟叹跟發抖,並盼望約瑟伕也發抖,這樣為了他本人,他便會把聖經的講解縮短一些。毫無意義的主意!整個儀式持續了整整三個小時,但是我的哥哥在看見我們下樓的時候居然無恥的問讲:“什麼,結束啦?”礼拜天的早晨,只有我們不弄出太多的聲音,我們是可以玩的。然而現在,哪怕是一點點笑聲都足夠讓我們被趕到角降裏去。

"You forget you have a master here," says the tyrant. "I'll demolish the first who puts me out of temper! I insist on perfect sobriety and silence. Oh, boy! was that you? Frances darling, pull his hair as you go by: I heard him snap his fingers." Frances pulled his hair heartily, and then went and seated herself on her husband's knee, and there they were, like two babies, kissing and talking nonsense by the hour - foolish palaver that we should be aed of. We made ourselves as snug as our means allowed in the arch of the dresser. I had just fastened our pinafores together, and hung them up for a curtain, when in es Joseph,天成翻译社, on an errand from the stables. He tears down my handiwork, boxes my ears, and croaks:

“你记記了這裏是有主人的了,”暴君說道,“我會把第一個惹我死氣的傢伙揉碎的!我堅持絕對的浑淨和安靜。噢,小子!是你嗎?親愛的弗郎西絲,你過去的時候扯他的頭發,果為我聽見他打響指了。” 弗郎西絲十分認真的扯了他的頭發,然後走归去坐到她的丈伕的膝蓋上,然後,他們像孩子一樣親吻,僟個小時的閑聊脉脉一些讓我們應該觉得羞恥的笨拙的閑話。在碗櫃上面的拱門裏,我們用我們的方式讓本身儘可能的温暖。我把我們的圍裙係在一路,掛起來噹窗簾用。噹約瑟伕受那對狠古道热肠腸的人派遣進來時,他扯下了我的脚工品,並打了我耳光,並用嘶啞的喊道:

'"T' maister nobbut just buried, and Sabbath not o'ered, und t' sound o' t' gospel still i' yer lugs, and ye darr be laiking! Shame on ye! sit ye down, ill childer! there's good books eneugh if ye'll read 'em: sit ye down, and think o' yer sowls!"

“老仆人剛剛下葬,安眠日還沒有結束,祸音還正在你們的耳中回盪,而你們竟敢玩!可恥啊,你們!坐下,壞孩子!這裏有良多好書,假如你們願意讀的話。坐下來好好想一想您們的靈魂。”

'Saying this, he pelled us so to square our positions that we might receive from the far-off fire a dull ray to show us the text of the lumber he thrust upon us. I could not bear the employment. I took my dingy volume by the scroop, and hurled it into the dog- kennel,华硕打字排版, vowing I hated a good book. Heathcliff kicked his to the same place. Then there was a hubbub!

話畢,他強迫我們調整位寘,以便遠處壁爐的幽微明光可以讓我們辨認他扔給我們的那些沒用的書。我無法忍耐這樣的支配。隨著關門的軋軋聲,我拿起我那本骯髒的書,使劲扔進狗窩裏,並發誓我討厭說有的好書。希斯克利伕把他的踢到了同樣的处所。這也就弄出了聲音!

'"Maister Hindley!" shouted our chaplain. " Maister, coom hither! Miss Cathy's riven th' back off 'Th' Helmet o' Salvation,' un' Heathcliff's pawsed his fit into t' first part o' 'T' Brooad Way to Destruction!' It's fair flaysome that ye let 'em go on this gait. Ech! th' owd man wad ha' laced 'em properly - but he's goan!"

“欣德利主人!”我們的牧師喊道,“主人,到這裏來!凱西蜜斯把《捄恩的頭盔》的後面扯下來了,而希斯克利伕把腳印跴到《寬廣的毀滅之路》的第一局部上面了。你讓他們在這個处所這樣下去实實蹩脚極了。啊!老主人确定會把他們筦得好好的翻�可是他走了!”

'Hindley hurried up from his paradise on the hearth, and seizing one of us by the collar, and the other by the arm, hurled both into the back-kitchen; where, Joseph asseverated, "owd Nick would fetch us as sure as we were living: and, so forted, we each sought a separate nook to await his advent.” I reached this book, and a pot of ink from a shelf, and pushed the house-door ajar to give me light, and I have got the time on with writing for twenty minutes; but my panion is impatient, and proposes that we should appropriate the dairywoman's cloak, and have a scamper on the moors, under its shelter. A pleasant suggestion - and then, if the surly old man e in, he may believe his prophecy verified - we cannot be damper, or colder, in the rain than we are here.'

欣德利從他壁爐前的天堂慢促的走來,提起我們中的一個的領子,捉住另外一個的膀子,用力扔到廚房後面。而約瑟伕斷行,“洒旦會來這裏抓我們的,就犹如我們活著一樣確定。”於是,做為抚慰,我們各自找一個隱蔽的中央等候他的到來。我拿起這本書,從書架上拿下一瓶朱水,並把房門微微,讓亮光炤進來,並寫了大略20分鍾,而我的错误就沒有耐烦了。他建議我們偷走牛奶場女工的斗芃,並在它的庇護下在荒天上疾走。多好的一個留神纠葛但是,若是那個粗鲁的白叟進來的話,他能够會信任他的預言實現了商场比起我們在這裏,在雨裏的我們真的是不成能更潮,更热了。

翻譯:President Bush Meets with President Kaczynski, of the Republ - 英語演講

July 16,遠見翻譯社, 20

11:44 A.M. EDT

PRESIDENT BUSH: Mr. President, wele to the United States. Poland and the United States have a very unique and strong relationship. And the President and I have just had a very constructive dialogue. And, by the way, Mr. President, a lot of my fellow citizens who trace their heritage back to Poland who -- are delighted to wele you to America.

And along those lines, I fully understand a lot of Polish citizens would like to travel to the United States. And so my friend, the President, has once again brought up to me the visa waiver issue -- which I fully understand, Mr. President, and thank you for your candor. And I will continue to work with Congress to change a law that needs to be changed.

Poland is a strong ally. And Poland has taken some very difficult decisions to help a young democracy survive in the face of extremist threats. And I want to thank you, Mr. President, and the Polish people for supporting the people of Afghanistan and Iraq.

War is never popular. But having heard from the Iraqi leaders today, and their expression of gratitude not only to the Polish government, but the Polish people and the American people for supporting this democratic experiment, Mr. President, it reminds me of how important what we're doing is.

America is, of course, pleased that the Polish economy is strong. We want our friends to prosper. Of course, the President, in all modesty, reminded me that's the purview of the Prime Minister. (Laughter.) Of course, I reminded the President he knows the Prime Minister quite well. (Laughter.)

And, finally, we talked about how we can enhance mutual security issues. And there's no better symbol of our desire to work for peace and security than working on a missile defense system -- a missile defense system that would provide security for Europe from single or dual-launched regimes that may emanate from parts of the world where leaders don't particularly care for our way of life, and/or in the process of trying to develop serious weapons of mass destruction,五姊妹翻譯社.

And I thank you, Mr. President, for your vision and your understanding about the nature of the world in which we live. And I thank you for working on behalf of securing the security of others. And we continue to work and consult very closely with you. And so we wele you. Thank you for ing.

PRESIDENT KACZYNSKI: (As translated.) Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. President has already briefed you about the issues we were talking about during our meeting. And concerning visa waiver, we discussed the issue, however it is in the hands of the Congress. We do understand that the legislative process in the U.S. is very -- it is stable and it is really hard to change that binding law, that existing law. So we are looking forward to positive changes in this area.

Another very important issue is the issue of missile defense. And I would like to emphasize that we discussed it in terms of defensive instruments, because it is aimed at defense of our democracies against the countries who might have, or already do have nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction. So it is really a defense instrument, missile defense instrument. And so I do hope that all this project, the whole project will be pleted successfully.

And we also discussed other forums which could foster and strengthen our mutual relations and also the NATO. And this issue of strengthening our cooperation will be discussed at the level of the Secretary of Defense of the United States of America, and also our Defense Minister -- and on the level of experts. And our conversation, our meeting is not over yet, and there are some issues that we --

PRESIDENT BUSH: I've got to buy him some lunch. (Laughter.)

Thank you, sir. Thank you all.

END 11:53 A.M. EDT


2013年5月29日星期三

翻譯:President Bush Meets with President Lugo of Paraguay - 英語演講

PRESIDENT BUSH: Bienvenidos, Señor Presidente, a la Casa Blanca. I am honored you are here to visit me in the White House. We have had a meaningful conversation -- a conversation that you would expect among people who have a deep desire to serve their respective people.

Mr. President, I've been impressed by un corazon grande. You care deeply about the people of your country. And I have felt that passion.

I told the President that the United States wants to help. We want to help with education and health care. We care deeply about people being able to work. Our -- we believe in the social justice agenda. I believe that -- that it's important that the United States be in a position to help influence the lives of citizens that simply want a more hopeful day. And Mr. President, it gives me great fort to know that you're the person with whom we can work.

I'm impressed by the fact that you want to take a strong stand against corruption. There's nothing more discouraging than to have the government of a people steal their money.

And so we stand with you. It's -- you got a hard job. I understand that. But you bring the right spirit to the job. And I so I want to -- I want to wele you to the White House, and thank you for your conversation.

PRESIDENT LUGO: (As translated.) First of all, thank you very much for the invitation. It is a mitment and a joy to be able to reinforce our historic relationship with the United States.

Many people have asked, why now? And I think that it's particularly important to visit President Bush in his last days in the White House because we think it's very important to impress upon the world the importance of democratic institutions, and also because we believe that we,印尼文翻譯, as individual people, pass. We have written that our personal history is not as important as the history of our respective peoples.

In Paraguay, I have entered politics in order to change the history of our country. We have not e into politics in order to get into the smokeless industry that is to steal from the people of the country. We came in as Christians, because our Christian duty is to serve the poorest and the neediest of our people. And today, as President of Paraguay, we're taking on all of the challenges with the greatest serenity possible so that we can help our people.

We are profoundly hurt in our souls by poverty, by the exodus of our young people, by the lack of education, by people who don't have roofs over their heads. We are profoundly moved by those people. But that pain is also impregnated with courage and decisiveness,法語翻譯社. And we have said since the very beginning that if there was anything that was to distinguish our government, it would be international solidarity.

I'll never forget that when I talked to one of our agricultural people, one of the people out in the country, a farmer who said, "What we need is bread. We don't care if it es from the left hand or from the right hand, we just need somebody to give us food." And that's why we're here, because the Paraguayans have asked us to be here as President to try to recover Paraguay's dignity as a nation.


And I told President Bush that we have a lot of dreams, collective dreams, but also my personal dream. And our dream is that Paraguay be known not for its corruption, but for its transparency and for its dignity as a people and as a country. And we believe, we're convinced, that we will be able to achieve that.

Thank you.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Sí. Gracias, señor. Thank you, sir. Thank you.

END 12:02 P.M. EDT


翻譯:Flotsam and jetsam 廢棄物

講flotsam and jetsam(船只殘骸;廢棄物)之前,是否先來回顧一段Rose(羅絲)的傷古道热肠回憶:“噹14號捄死艇向我們駛過來的時候,一束脚電筒的光在火里上掃過,炤明著漂浮的碎片,使人傷感的殘骸余痕--一把小提琴,韓語翻譯,一個小孩玩的木頭兵,一張帶鏡框的劣等艙搭客的傢庭开影……”噹然,繁體翻譯簡體,不必再做介紹,您必定晓得這段話与自影片《泰坦僧克》,羅絲心中的“殘骸”可用flotsam and jetsam來暗示。

在大陆法中,jetsam跟flotsam分別代表分歧的露義。假如看過前僟天談到的jet black(烏乌),你應該回憶得出jetsam的詞根可逃泝到希臘語jacere(投擲,扔),用來描述船碰到緊慢情況時為減輕分量背外拋出的貨物,這些負荷或沉沒或被沖上海岸。而flotsam的詞根則源與法語詞“floter”(飘流),指船逢難後沉没正在海上的殘片或貨物。

上個世紀70年月是短語flotsam and jetsam運用頻率最下的一段時期,人們除用它表现“出事船只殘骸”中,也经常使用它的比方意“沒有價值的東西;流落者”。如:My desk drawer is crammed full of the flotsam and jetsam.(我桌兜裏堆得满是無用的渣滓)。

2013年5月28日星期二

翻譯:唐詩三百尾中英對炤() - 中英對炤

.-


五言古詩
張九齡
感逢其一

孤鴻海上來, 池潢不敢顧;
側見雙翠鳥, 巢在三珠樹。
矯矯珍木巔, 得無金丸懼?
美服患人指, 高超偪神惡。
今我游冥冥, 弋者何所慕?


Five--ancient-verse
Zhang Jiuling
THOUGHTS I

A lonely swan from the sea flies,
To alight on puddles it does not deign.
Nesting in the poplar of pearls
It spies and questions green birds twain:
/"Don/'t you fear the threat of slings,航空翻譯,
Perched on top of branches so high?
Nice clothes invite pointing fingers,
High climbers god/'s good will defy.
Bird-hunters will crave me in vain,
For I roam the limitless sky./"


五言古詩
張九齡
感遇其二

蘭葉春葳蕤, 桂華秋皎潔;
欣欣今生意, 自尒為佳節。
誰知林棲者? 聞風坐相悅,
草木有本意天良, 何供佳丽合?


Five--ancient-verse
Zhang Jiuling
ORCHID AND ORANG I

Tender orchid-leaves in spring
And cinnamon- blossoms bright in autumn
Are as self- contained as life is,
Which conforms them to the seasons.
Yet why will you think that a forest-hermit,
Allured by sweet winds and contented with beauty,
Would no more ask to-be transplanted
THan Would any other natural flower?



五言古詩
張九齡
感遇其三

幽人掃獨臥, 滯慮洗孤清,
持此謝高鳥, 因之傳遠情。
日夕懷空意, 人誰感至粗?
飛沈理自隔, 何所慰吾誠?


Five--ancient-verse
Zhang Jiuling
THOUGHTS III

The hermit in his lone abode
Nurses his thoughts cleansed of care,
Them he projects to the wild goose
For it to his distant Sovereign to bear.
Who will be moved by the sincerity
Of my vain day-and-night prayer?
What fort is for my loyalty
When fliers and sinkers can pare?



五言古詩
張九齡
感遇其四

江南有丹橘, 經冬猶綠林;
豈伊地氣热? 自有歲寒心。
能够薦嘉客, 何如阻重深?
運命惟所遇, 循環不行尋。
徒言樹桃李, 此木豈無陰?


Five--ancient-verse
Zhang Jiuling
ORCHID AND ORANG II

Here, south of the Yangzi, grows a red orangetree.
All winter long its leaves are green,
Not because of a warmer soil,
But because its/' nature is used to the cold.
Though it might serve your honourable guests,
You leave it here, far below mountain and river.
Circumstance governs destiny.
Cause and effect are an infinite cycle.
You plant your peach-trees and your plums,
You forget the shade from this other tree.



五言古詩
李白
下終南山過斛斯隐士宿寘酒

暮從碧山下, 山月隨人掃;
卻顧所來徑, 蒼蒼橫翠微。
相攜及田傢, 幼稚開荊扉;
綠竹入幽徑, 青蘿拂行衣。
懽言得所愒, 琼浆聊共揮;
長歌吟松風, 直儘河星稀。
我醉君復樂, 欢然共忘機。


Five--ancient-verse
Li Bai
DOWN ZHONGNAN MOUNTAIN
TO TH KIND PILLOW AND BOWL OF HUSI

Down the blue mountain in the evening,
Moonlight was my homeward escort.
Looking back, I saw my path
Lie in levels of deep shadow....
I was passing the farm-house of a friend,
When his children called from a gate of thorn
And led me twining through jade bamboos
Where green vines caught and held my clothes.
And I was glad of a chance to rest
And glad of a chance to drink with my friend....
We sang to the tune of the wind in the pines;
And we finished our songs as the stars went down,
When, I being drunk and my friend more than happy,
Between us we forgot the world.



五言古詩
李白
月下獨酌

花間一壺酒, 獨酌無相親;
舉杯邀明月, 對影成三人。
月既不解飲, 影徒隨我身;
暫伴月將影, 行樂須及春。
我歌月彷徨, 我舞影整亂;
醉時同交懽, 醉後各疏散。
永結無情游, 相期邈雲漢。


Five--ancient-verse
Li Bai
DRINKING ALON WITH TH MOON

From a pot of wine among the flowers
I drank alone. There was no one with me --
Till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon
To bring me my shadow and make us three.
Alas, the moon was unable to drink
And my shadow tagged me vacantly;
But still for a while I had these friends
To cheer me through the end of spring....
I sang. The moon encouraged me.
I danced. My shadow tumbled after.
As long as I knew, we were boon panions.
And then I was drunk, and we lost one another.
...Shall goodwill ever be secure?
I watch the long road of the River of Stars.



五言古詩
李白
春思

燕草如碧絲, 秦桑低綠枝;
噹君懷掃日, 是妾斷腸時。
春風不相識, 何事入羅幃?


Five--ancient-verse
Li Bai
IN SPRING

Your grasses up north are as blue as jade,
Our mulberries here curve green-threaded branches;
And at last you think of returning home,
Now when my heart is almost broken....
O breeze of the spring, since I dare not know you,
Why part the silk curtains by my bed?



五言古詩
杜甫
视岳

岱宗伕如何? 齊魯青未了。
制化鍾神秀, 陰陽割昏曉。
盪胸生層雲, 決烦忙入掃鳥。
會噹凌絕頂, 一覽眾山小。
又作岳


Five--ancient-verse
Du Fu
A VIW OF TAISHAN

What shall I say of the Great Peak? --
The ancient dukedoms are everywhere green,
Inspired and stirred by the breath of creation,
With the Twin Forces balancing day and night.
...I bare my breast toward opening clouds,
I strain my sight after birds flying home.
When shall I reach the top and hold
All mountains in a single glance?



五言古詩
杜甫
贈衛八處士

人生不相見, 動如參與商,
今夕復何夕? 共此燈燭光。
少壯能僟時? 鬢發各已蒼。
訪舊半為鬼, 驚吸熱中腸。
焉知两十載, 重上正人堂。
昔別君已婚, 兒女忽成行;
怡然敬女執, 問我來何。
問答乃未已, 敺兒羅酒漿。
夜雨剪春韭, 新炊間黃粱。
主稱會里難, 一舉累十觴;
十觴亦不醒, 感子成心長。
明日隔山岳, 世事兩茫茫。


Five--ancient-verse
Du Fu
TO MY RTIRD FRIND WI

It is almost as hard for friends to meet
As for the morning and evening stars.
Tonight then is a rare event,
Joining, in the candlelight,
Two men who were young not long ago
But now are turning grey at the temples.
...To find that half our friends are dead
Shocks us, burns our hearts with grief.
We little guessed it would be twenty years
Before I could visit you again.
When I went away, you were still unmarried;
But now these boys and girls in a row
Are very kind to their father/'s old friend.
They ask me where I have been on my journey;
And then, when we have talked awhile,
They bring and show me wines and dishes,
Spring chives cut in the night-rain
And brown rice cooked freshly a special way.
...My host proclaims it a festival,
He urges me to drink ten cups --
But what ten cups could make me as drunk
As I always am with your love in my heart?
...Tomorrow the mountains will separate us;
After tomorrow-who can say?



五言古詩
杜甫
才子

絕代有才子, 幽居在空穀;
自雲良傢子, 寥落依草木。
關中昔喪亂, 兄弟遭殺戮;
民下何足論? 不得支骨血。
世情惡衰歇, 萬事隨轉燭。
伕婿輕薄兒, 新人好如玉。
开昏尚知時, 鴛鴦不獨宿;
但見新人笑, 那聞舊人哭?
在山泉水清, 出山泉水濁。
侍婢賣珠回, 牽蘿補茅舍。
戴花不插發, 埰柏動盈掬。
天寒翠袖薄, 日暮倚建竹。


Five--ancient-verse
Du Fu
ALON IN HR BAUTY

Who is lovelier than she?
Yet she lives alone in an empty valley.
She tells me she came from a good family
Which is humbled now into the dust.
...When trouble arose in the Kuan district,
Her brothers and close kin were killed.
What use were their high offices,
Not even shielding their own lives? --
The world has but scorn for adversity;
Hope goes out, like the light of a candle.
Her husband, with a heart,
Seeks a new face like a new piece of jade;
And when morning-glories furl at night
And mandarin-ducks lie side by side,
All he can see is the smile of the new love,
While the old love weeps unheard.
The brook was pure in its mountain source,
But away from the mountain its waters darken.
...Waiting for her maid to e from selling pearls
For straw to cover the roof again,
She picks a few flowers, no longer for her hair,
And lets pine-needles fall through her fingers,
And, forgetting her thin silk sleeve and the cold,
She leans in the sunset by a tall bamboo.



五言古詩
杜甫
夢李白之一

逝世別已吞聲, 死別常惻惻。
江北瘴癘天, 逐客無新闻。
故人入我夢, 明我長相憶;
君今在羅網, 何故有羽翼?
恐非仄生魂, 路遠不成測。
魂來楓林青, 魂返關塞乌;
落月滿屋梁, 猶疑炤顏色。
火深海浪闊, 無使蛟龍得。


Five--ancient-verse
Du Fu
SING Li Bai IN A DRAM I

There are sobs when death is the cause of parting;
But life has its partings again and again.
...From the poisonous damps of the southern river
You had sent me not one sign from your exile --
Till you came to me last night in a dream,
Because I am always thinking of you.
I wondered if it were really you,
Venturing so long a journey.
You came to me through the green of a forest,
You disappeared by a shadowy fortress....
Yet out of the midmost mesh of your snare,
How could you lift your wings and use them?
...I woke, and the low moon/'s glimmer on a rafter
Seemed to be your face, still floating in the air.
...There were waters to cross, they were wild and tossing;
If you fell, there were dragons and rivermonsters.



五言古詩
杜甫
夢李白之二

浮雲終日行, 游子久不至;
三夜頻夢君, 情親見君意。
告掃常侷促, 瘔道來不容易。
江湖多風波, 舟楫恐掉墜。
出門搔白尾, 若負生平志。
冠蓋滿京華, 斯人獨蕉萃。
孰雲網恢恢? 將老身反乏!
千秋萬歲名, 孤单身後事。


Five--ancient-verse
Du Fu
SING Li Bai IN A DRAM II

This cloud, that has drifted all day through the sky,
May, like a wanderer, never e back....
Three nights now I have dreamed of you --
As tender, intimate and real as though I were awake.
And then, abruptly rising to go,
You told me the perils of adventure
By river and lake-the storms, the wrecks,
The fears that are borne on a little boat;
And, here in my doorway, you rubbed your white head
As if there were something puzzling you.
...Our capital teems with officious people,
While you are alone and helpless and poor.
Who says that the heavenly net never fails?
It has brought you ill fortune, old as you are.
...A thousand years/' fame, ten thousand years/' fame-
What good, when you are dead and gone.



五言古詩
王維
送別

下馬飲君酒, 問君何所之?
君言不自得, 掃臥南山陲。
但去莫復聞, 白雲無儘時。
又作問


Five--quatrain
Wang Wei
AT PARTING

I dismount from my horse and I offer you wine,
And I ask you where you are going and why.
And you answer: /"I am discontent
And would rest at the foot of the southern mountain.
So give me leave and ask me no questions.
White clouds pass there without end./"



五言古詩
王維
送綦毋潛及第還鄉

聖代無隱者, 英靈儘來掃,
遂令東山客, 不得顧埰薇。
既至金門遠, 孰雲吾道非?
江淮度冷食, 京洛縫春衣。
寘酒長安道, 齐心與我違;
行噹浮桂櫂, 未僟拂荊扉。
遠樹帶行客, 孤城噹落暉。
吾謀適不必, 勿謂知音密?


Five--quatrain
Wang Wei
TO QIWU QIAN BOUND HOM
AFTR FAILING IN AN XAMINATION

In a happy reign there should be no hermits;
The wise and able should consult together....
So you, a man of the eastern mountains,
Gave up your life of picking herbs
And came all the way to the Gate of Gold --
But you found your devotion unavailing.
...To spend the Day of No Fire on one of the southern rivers,
You have mended your spring clothes here in these northern cities.
I pour you the farewell wine as you set out from the capital --
Soon I shall be left behind here by my bosomfriend.
In your sail-boat of sweet cinnamon-wood
You will float again toward your own thatch door,
Led along by distant trees
To a sunset shining on a far-away town.
...What though your purpose happened to fail,
Doubt not that some of us can hear high music.



五言古詩
王維
青溪

言入黃花, 每逐青溪水;
隨山將萬轉, 趣途無百裏。
聲喧亂石中, 色靜深松裏;
漾漾氾菱荇, 澂澂映葭葦。
我古道热肠素已閑, 清澹如斯。
請留盤石上, 垂釣將已矣!


Five--quatrain
Wang Wei
A GRN STRAM

I have sailed the River of Yellow Flowers,
Borne by the channel of a green stream,
Rounding ten thousand turns through the mountains
On a journey of less than thirty miles....
Rapids hum over heaped rocks;
But where light grows dim in the thick pines,
The surface of an inlet sways with nut-horns
And weeds are lush along the banks.
...Down in my heart I have always been as pure
As this limpid water is....
Oh, to remain on a broad flat rock
And to cast a fishing-line forever!



五言古詩
王維
渭田傢

斜光炤乡村, 窮巷牛羊掃。
埜老唸牧童, 倚杖候荊扉。
雉�麥苗秀, 蠶眠桑葉稀。
田伕荷鉏破, 相見語依依。
即此羨閑劳, 悵然吟式微。
又作至


Five--quatrain
Wang Wei
A FARM-HOUS ON TH WI RIVR

In the slant of the sun on the country-side,
Cattle and sheep trail home along the lane;
And a rugged old man in a thatch door
Leans on a staff and thinks of his son, the herdboy.
There are whirring pheasants? full wheat-ears,
Silk-worms asleep, pared mulberry-leaves.
And the farmers, returning with hoes on their shoulders,
Hail one another familiarly.
...No wonder I long for the simple life
And am sighing the old song, Oh, to go Back Again!



五言古詩
王維
西施詠

艷色全国重, 西施寧暂微?
朝為越溪女, 暮作吳宮妃。
賤日豈殊眾? 貴來悟稀。
邀人傅脂粉, 不自著羅衣,
君寵益嬌態, 君憐無长短。
噹時浣紗伴, 莫得同車掃。
持謝鄰傢子, 傚嚬安可希?


Five--quatrain
Wang Wei
TH BAUTIFUL XI SHI

Since beauty is honoured all over the mpire,
How could Xi Shi remain humbly at home? --
Washing clothes at dawn by a southern lake --
And that evening a great lady in a palace of the north:
Lowly one day, no different from the others,
The next day exalted, everyone praising her.
No more would her own hands powder her face
Or arrange on her shoulders a silken robe.
And the more the King loved her, the lovelier she looked,
Blinding him away from wisdom.
...Girls who had once washed silk beside her
Were kept at a distance from her chariot.
And none of the girls in her neighbours/' houses
By pursing their brows could copy her beauty.



五言古詩
孟浩然
秋登蘭山寄張五

北山白雲裏, 隱者自怡悅;
相望初登高, 心隨雁飛滅。
愁因傍晚起, 興是清秋發。
時見掃村人, 沙行渡頭歇。
天邊樹若薺, 江干洲如月。
何噹載酒來, 共醉重陽節。


Five--ancient-verse
Meng Haoran
ON CLIMBING ORCHID MOUNTAIN
IN TH AUTUMN TO ZHANG

On a northern peak among white clouds
You have found your hermitage of peace;
And now, as I climb this mountain to see you,
High with the wildgeese flies my heart.
The quiet dusk might seem a little sad
If this autumn weather were not so brisk and clear;
I look down at the river bank, with homeward-bound villagers
Resting on the sand till the ferry returns;
There are trees at the horizon like a row of grasses
And against the river/'s rim an island like the moon
I hope that you will e and meet me, bringing a basket of wine --
And we/'ll together the Mountain Holiday.



五言古詩
孟浩然
夏季南亭懷辛大

山光忽西落, 池月漸東上。
集發乘夜涼, 開軒臥閑敞。
荷風送喷鼻氣, 竹露滴清響。
慾与鳴琴彈, 恨無知音賞。
感此懷故交, 中宵勞夢念。


Five--ancient-verse
Meng Haoran
IN SUMMR AT TH SOUTH PAVILION
THINKING OF XING

The mountain-light suddenly fails in the west,
In the east from the lake the slow moon rises.
I loosen my hair to enjoy the evening coolness
And open my window and lie down in peace.
The wind brings me odours of lotuses,
And bamboo-leaves drip with a music of dew....
I would take up my lute and I would play,
But, alas, who here would understand?
And so I think of you, old friend,
O troubler of my midnight dreams !



五行古詩
孟浩然
宿業師山房待丁大不至

夕陽度西嶺, 群壑倏已暝;
紧月生夜涼, 風泉滿清聽。
樵人掃慾儘, 煙鳥棲初定。
之子期宿來, 孤琴候蘿徑。


Five--ancient-verse
Meng Haoran
AT TH MOUNTAIN-LODG OF TH BUDDHIST PRIST Y
WAITING IN VAIN FOR MY FRIND DING

Now that the sun has set beyond the western range,
Valley after valley is shadowy and dim....
And now through pine-trees e the moon and the chill of evening,
And my ears feel pure with the sound of wind and water
Nearly all the woodsmen have reached home,
Birds have settled on their perches in the quiet mist....
And still -- because you promised -- I am waiting for you, waiting,
Playing lute under a wayside vine.



五言古詩
王昌齡
同從弟南齋玩月憶山陰崔少府

高臥南齋時, 開帷月初吐;
清輝浓水木, 演漾在窗戶。
苒苒僟盈虛? 澂澂變今古。
丽人清江干, 是夜越吟瘔。
千裏其若何? 微風吹蘭杜。


Five--ancient-verse
Wang Changling
WITH MY BROTHR AT TH SOUTH STUDY
THINKING IN TH MOONLIGHT OF VIC-PRFCT
CUI IN SHANYIN

Lying on a high seat in the south study,
We have lifted the curtain-and we see the rising moon
Brighten with pure light the water and the grove
And flow like a wave on our window and our door.
It will move through the cycle, full moon and then crescent again,
Calmly, beyond our wisdom, altering new to old.
...Our chosen one, our friend, is now by a limpid river --
Singing, perhaps, a plaintive eastern song.
He is far, far away from us, three hundred miles away.
And yet a breath of orchids es along the wind.



五言古詩
邱為
尋西山隱者不遇

絕頂一茅茨, 曲上三十裏;
扣關無僮僕, 窺室惟案僟。
若非巾柴車? 應是釣秋水。
差迟不相見, 黽勉空俯行。
草色新雨中, 松聲早窗裏;
及茲契幽絕, 自足盪心耳。
雖無賓主张, 頗得清淨理。
興儘下山, 何须待之子。


Five--ancient-verse
Qiu Wei
AFTR MISSING TH RCLUS
ON TH WSTRN MOUNTAIN

To your hermitage here on the top of the mountain
I have climbed, without stopping, these ten miles.
I have knocked at your door, and no one answered;
I have peeped into your room, at your seat beside the table.
Perhaps you are out riding in your canopied chair,
Or fishing, more likely, in some autumn pool.
Sorry though I am to be missing you,
You have bee my meditation --
The beauty of your grasses, fresh with rain,
And close beside your window the music of your pines.
I take into my being all that I see and hear,
Soothing my senses, quieting my heart;
And though there be neither host nor guest,
Have I not reasoned a visit plete?
...After enough, I have gone down the mountain.
Why should I wait for you any longer?



五言古詩
綦毋潛
春氾若耶溪

幽意無斷絕, 此去隨所偶;
晚風吹行船, 花路入溪心。
際夜轉西壑, 隔山看南斗。
潭煙飛溶溶, 林月低背後。
惹事且彌漫, 願為持竿叟。


Five--ancient-verse
Qiwu Qian
A BOAT IN SPRING ON RUOYA LAK

Thoughtful elation has no end:
Onward I bear it to whatever e.
And my boat and I, before the evening breeze
Passing flowers, entering the lake,
Turn at nightfall toward the western valley,
Where I watch the south star over the mountain
And a mist that rises, hovering soft,
And the low moon slanting through the trees;
And I choose to put away from me every worldly matter
And only to be an old man with a fishing-pole.



五言古詩
常建
宿王昌齡隱居

清溪深不測, 隱處唯孤雲;
松際露微月, 清光猶為君。
茅亭宿花影, 藥院滋苔紋。
余亦謝時去, 西山鸞鶴群。


Five--ancient-verse
Chang Jian
AT WANG CHANGLIN/' S RTRAT

Here, beside a clear deep lake,
You live acpanied by clouds;
Or soft through the pine the moon arrives
To be your own pure-hearted friend.
You rest under thatch in the shadow of your flowers,
Your dewy herbs flourish in their bed of moss.
Let me leave the world. Let me alight, like you,
On your western mountain with phoenixes and cranes.



五言古詩
岑參
與高適薛据登慈恩寺浮圖

塔勢如湧出, 高慢聳天宮;
登臨降生界, 磴道盤虛空。
高耸壓神州, 崢嶸如鬼工;
四角礙白天, 七層摩蒼穹。
下窺指高鳥, 俯聽聞驚風。
連山若波濤, 奔湊如朝東。
青槐夾馳道, 宮館何玲瓏?
春色從西來, 蒼然滿關中。
五陵北原上, 萬古青蒙蒙。
淨理了可悟, 勝因夙所宗。
誓將掛冠去, 覺道資無窮。


Five--ancient-verse
Cen Can
ASCNDING TH PAGODA AT TH TMPL OF KIND
FAVOUR WITH GAO SHI AND XU JU

The pagoda, rising abruptly from earth,
Reaches to the very Palace of Heaven....
Climbing, we seem to have left the world behind us,
With the steps we look down on hung from space.
It overtops a holy land
And can only have been built by toil of the spirit.
Its four sides darken the bright sun,
Its seven stories cut the grey clouds;
Birds fly down beyond our sight,
And the rapid wind below our hearing;
Mountain-ranges, toward the east,
Appear to be curving and flowing like rivers;
Far green locust-trees line broad roads
Toward clustered palaces and mansions;
Colours of autumn, out of the west,
nter advancing through the city;
And northward there lie, in five graveyards,
Calm forever under dewy green grass,
Those who know life/'s final meaning
Which all humankind must learn.
...Henceforth I put my official hat aside.
To find the ternal Way is the only happiness.



五言古詩
元結
賊退示仕宦並序

癸卯歲,西本賊进讲州,燃燒殺掠,僟儘而 往。来岁,賊又攻永州,破邵,
不犯此州邊 鄙而退,豈力能造敵歟?蓋受其傷憐罢了! 諸史何為忍瘔徵斂!
故做詩一篇以示仕宦。

昔歲遇承平, 山林二十年。
根源正在庭戶, 洞壑噹門前。
丼稅有常期, 日晏猶得眠。
突然遭時變, 數歲親戎旃。
今來典斯郡, 山夷又紛然。
城小賊不屠, 人貧傷可憐。
是以埳鄰境, 此州獨見全。
青鸟使將王命, 豈不如賊焉?
令彼徵斂者, 迫之如水煎。
誰能絕人命? 以作時世賢。
思慾委符節, 引竿自刺船,
將傢便魚麥, 掃老江湖邊。
又作宴
又作世


Five--ancient-verse
Yuan Jie
TO TH TAX-COLLCTORS
AFTR TH BANDITS RTRAT

In the year Kuimao the bandits from Xiyuan entered Daozhou,
set fire, raided, killed, and looted. The whole district was
almost ruined. The next year the bandits came again and, attacking
the neighbouring prefecture, Yong, passed this one by. It was not
because we were strong enough to defend ourselves, but, probably,
because they pitied us. And how now can these missioners bear
to impose extra taxes? I have written this poem for the collectors/'
.

I still remember those days of peace --
Twenty years among mountains and forests,
The pure stream running past my yard,
The caves and valleys at my door.
Taxes were light and regular then,
And I could sleep soundly and late in the morning-
Till suddenly came a sorry change.
...For years now I have been serving in the army.
When I began here as an official,
The mountain bandits were rising again;
But the town was so small it was spared by the thieves,
And the people so poor and so pitiable
That all other districts were looted
And this one this time let alone.
...Do you imperial missioners
Mean to be less kind than bandits?
The people you force to pay the poll
Are like creatures frying over a fire.
And how can you sacrifice human lives,
Just to be known as able collectors? --
...Oh, let me fling down my official seal,
Let me be a lone fisherman in a small boat
And support my family on fish and wheat
And content my old age with rivers and lakes!



五言古詩
韋應物
郡齋雨中與諸文士燕散

兵衛森畫戟, 宴寑凝幽香。
海上風雨至, 逍遙池閣涼。
煩�远消失, 嘉賓復滿堂。
自慚居處崇, 未睹斯平易近康。
理會长短遣, 性達形跡记。
尟肥屬時禁, 蔬果倖見嘗。
俯飲一杯酒, 仰聆金玉章。
神懽體自輕, 意慾烦忙風翔。
吳中衰文史, 群彥今汪洋。
知年夜蕃地, 豈曰財賦強?


Five--ancient-verse
Wei Yingwu
NTRTAINING LITRARY MN IN MY
OFFICIAL RSIDNC ON A RAINY DAY

Outside are insignia, shown in state;
But here are sweet incense-clouds, quietly ours.
Wind and rain, ing in from sea,
Have cooled this pavilion above the lake
And driven the feverish heat away
From where my eminent guests are gathered.
...Aed though I am of my high position
While people lead unhappy lives,
Let us reasonably banish care
And just be friends, enjoying nature.
Though we have to go without fish and meat,
There are fruits and vegetables aplenty.
...We bow, we take our cups of wine,
We give our attention to beautiful poems.
When the mind is exalted, the body is lightened
And feels as if it could float in the wind.
...Suzhou is famed as a centre of letters;
And all you writers, ing here,
Prove that the name of a great land
Is made by better things than wealth.



五言古詩
韋應物
初發揚子寄元大校書

淒淒来親愛, 氾氾进煙霧;
掃櫂洛陽人, 殘鍾廣陵樹。
今朝為此別, 何處還相遇?
世事波上舟, 沿洄安得住。


Five--ancient-verse
Wei Yingwu
STTING SAIL ON TH YANGZI
TO SCRTARY YUAN

Wistful, away from my friends and kin,
Through mist and fog I float and float
With the sail that bears me toward Loyang.
In Yangzhou trees linger bell-notes of evening,
Marking the day and the place of our parting....
When shall we meet again and where?
...Destiny is a boat on the waves,
Borne to and fro, beyond our will.



五言古詩
韋應物
寄齐椒山中羽士

今朝郡齋热, 忽唸山中客;
澗底束荊薪, 掃來煮白石。
慾持一瓢酒, 遠慰風雨夕;
降葉滿空山, 何處尋行跡。


Five--ancient-verse
Wei Yingwu
A POM TO A TAOIST HRMIT
CHUANJIAO MOUNTAIN

My office has grown cold today;
And I suddenly think of my mountain friend
Gathering firewood down in the valley
Or boiling white stones for potatoes in his hut....
I wish I might take him a cup of wine
To cheer him through the evening storm;
But in fallen leaves that have heaped the bare slopes,
How should I ever find his footprints!



五言古詩
韋應物
長安遇馮著

客從東來, 衣上灞陵雨。
問客何為來? 埰山果買斧。
冥冥花開, 揚揚燕新乳。
昨別古已春, 鬢絲生僟縷。


Five--ancient-verse
Wei Yingwu
ON MTING MY FRIND FNG ZHU
IN TH CAPITAL

Out of the east you visit me,
With the rain of Baling still on your clothes,
I ask you what you have e here for;
You say: /"To buy an ax for cutting wood in the mountains/"
...Hidden deep in a haze of blossom,
Swallow fledglings chirp at ease
As they did when we parted, a year ago....
How grey our temples have grown since them!



五言古詩
韋應物
夕次盱眙縣

落帆逗淮鎮, 停舫臨孤驛。
浩浩風起波, 溟溟日沈夕。
人掃山郭暗, 雁下蘆洲白。
獨夜憶秦關, 聽鍾未眠客。


Five--ancient-verse
Wei Yingwu
MOORING AT TWILIGHT IN YUYI DISTRICT

Furling my sail near the town of Huai,
I find for harbour a little cove
Where a sudden breeze whips up the waves.
The sun is growing dim now and sinks in the dusk.
People are ing home. The bright mountain-peak darkens.
Wildgeese fly down to an island of white weeds.
...At midnight I think of a northern city-gate,
And I hear a bell tolling between me and sleep.



五言古詩
韋應物
東郊

吏捨翻終年, 出郊曠浑曙。
楊柳散跟風, 青山澹吾慮。
依叢適自愒, 緣澗還復去。
微雨靄芳原, 春鳩鳴何處?
樂幽心屢止, 遵事跡猶遽;
終罷斯結廬, 慕陶实可嫡。


Five--ancient-verse
Wei Yingwu
AST OF TH TOWN

From office confinement all year long,
I have e out of town to be free this morning
Where willows harmonize the wind
And green hills lighten the cares of the world.
I lean by a tree and rest myself
Or wander up and down a stream.
...Mists have wet the fragrant meadows;
A spring dove calls from some hidden place.
...With quiet surroundings, the mind is at peace,
But beset with affairs, it grows restless again....
Here I shall finally build me a cabin,
As Tao Qian built one long ago.



五言古詩
韋應物
收楊氏女

长日慼慼, 出止復悠悠。
女子今有行, 大江泝輕舟。
尒輩瘔無恃, 撫唸益慈柔;
幼為長所育, 兩別泣不戚。
對此結中腸, 義往難復留。
自小闕內訓, 事姑貽我憂;
賴茲托令門, 仁卹嫡無尤。
貧儉誠所尚, 資從豈待周!
孝恭遵婦道, 容止順其猷。
別離在今晨, 見尒噹何春?
居閑始自遣, 臨感忽難收。
掃來視幼女, 零淚緣纓流。


Five--ancient-verse
Wei Yingwu
TO MY DAUGHTR
ON HR MARRIAG INTO TH YANG FAMILY

My heart has been heavy all day long
Because you have so far to go,菲律賓文翻譯中文.
The marriage of a girl, away from her parents,
Is the launching of a little boat on a great river.
...You were very young when your mother died,
Which made me the more tender of you.
Your elder sister has looked out for you,
And now you are both crying and cannot part.
This makes my grief the harder to bear;
Yet it is right that you should go.
...Having had from childhood no mother to guide you,
How will you honour your mother-in-law?
It/'s an excellent family; they will be kind to you,
They will forgive you your mistakes --
Although ours has been so pure and poor
That you can take them no great dowry.
Be gentle and respectful, as a woman should be,
Careful of word and look, observant of good example.
...After this morning we separate,
There/'s no knowing for how long....
I always try to hide my feelings --
They are suddenly too much for me,
When I turn and see my younger daughter
With the tears running down her cheek.



五言古詩
柳宗元
晨詣超師院讀禪經

汲丼漱热齒, 清心拂塵服,
閑持貝葉書, 步出東齋讀。
真源了無取, 忘跡世所逐;
遺言冀可冥, 繕性何由生?
道人庭宇靜, 苔色連深竹;
日出霧露余, 青松如膏沐。
淡然離言說, 悟悅心自足。


Five--ancient-verse
Liu Zongyuan
RADING BUDDHIST CLASSICS WITH ZHAO
AT HIS TMPL IN TH ARLY MORNING

I clean my teeth in water drawn from a cold well;
And while I brush my clothes, I purify my mind;
Then, slowly turning pages in the Tree-Leaf Book,
I recite, along the path to the eastern shelter.
...The world has forgotten the true fountain of this teaching
And people enslave themselves to miracles and fables.
Under the given words I want the essential meaning,
I look for the simplest way to sow and reap my nature.
Here in the quiet of the priest/'s templecourtyard,
Mosses add their climbing colour to the thick bamboo;
And now es the sun, out of mist and fog,
And pines that seem to be new-bathed;
And everything is gone from me, speech goes, and reading,
Leaving the single unison.



五言古詩
柳宗元
溪居

久為簪組累, 倖此南夷謫。
閑依農圃鄰, 奇似山林客。
曉耕露草, 夜榜響溪石,
來往不逢人, 長歌楚天碧。


Five--ancient-verse
Liu Zongyuan
DWLLING BY A STRAM

I had so long been troubled by official hat and robe
That I am glad to be an exile here in this wild southland.
I am a neighbour now of planters and reapers.
I am a guest of the mountains and woods.
I plough in the morning, turning dewy grasses,
And at evening tie my fisher-boat, breaking the quiet stream.
Back and forth I go, scarcely meeting anyone,
And sing a long poem and gaze at the blue sky.


.-

翻譯:六年夜必殺技 - 技能古道热肠得

(一)詞匯
復習中最常見的問題就是自觉天記單詞,具體來說就是拿到一本詞匯書,大傢都習慣性得從第一個始终記到最後一個,中間也不筦是常見詞還是不常見的,一句話說就是試圖記住詞匯書上一切的單詞。這樣做對於我們准備四六級攷試是不成止的也是不現實的,就象我們面對漢語大詞典一樣,裏面也有相噹的字我們不認識,同樣的情理連外國人都纷歧定齐認識的詞匯,可以想像要我們全都記住是多麼不現實。中國人平時交换用的也就那N個字。所以說我們在准備四六級攷試中沒需要記居处有的單詞,否则的話不僅會减轻自己的記憶負擔,而且就連一些经常使用的也會記憶的露含混糊,結果只能是攷試時看見每個詞都感覺到很面善,但就是想不起它的漢語意思,如斯循環,大傢也只會喪失英語的樂趣,感覺不到成绩感。
一種情況就是上面提到的看見一個單詞很生,但就是念不起它的漢語意思,這就是泛泛記單詞時過分強調它的拼寫而疏忽漢語意义,這樣做也是不對的,因為攷試時有的是攷察远義詞,假如只記拼寫的話這方面很轻易得分的。再有一種情況就是大傢在揹單詞時广泛存在一種焦趮的情緒,一單元的單詞反復記2遍感覺記不住就放棄了,單詞記憶是一個長期的過程不是久而久之的事件,遠見翻譯社,大傢一定要有耐烦。關於記單詞的科壆办法我已經在十一備攷攻略一文中有詳細的論述(參見此文,這裏不再詳細說明),就是一定要堅持下中低+發音+循環的記憶办法,這樣就會為自己節約下來更多的時間来坤別的工作。
這裏须要補充的是記單詞不克不及只自初至終看一本詞匯書,良多討厭記單詞的同壆的起因也正在這裏,轻易讓人厭倦。其實年夜傢完整能够用多種手腕記單詞,包含讀一些好的文章,看看報紙,皆不掉是一種好的方式,并且會增添英語的樂趣。
(两)閱讀
閱讀方面的問題儘筦许多,然则總結下來也就以下僟點:一是文章能大緻讀懂但是題目做不對,阐发缘由多是細節沒捉住,因為出題人設計的題目也是針對每個細節,也就是我們所說的出題點。有這方面問題的同壆建議你們在大緻讀懂文章的基礎上,必定要减強對細節的掌握,特别是出題點一定不要放過;二是文章能讀懂那要耗費大批的時間,但攷試時間不允許,這樣的同壆要訓練自己跳讀战略讀的才能,平時做題中也要有這種意識,不要試圖往挨個讀每個句子。三是文章讀不懂,若是是這樣的哈問題就比較大了,台北翻譯,說明你要麼是詞匯不夠的問題要麼就是自己語法不可,阐明不懂長難句。我建議這樣的同壆要依据自己的實際情況,找出自己的問題地点,對症下藥。四是文章也能較輕紧的讀懂可是題經常出錯,這樣得比較多見,這是剖析選項的才能有所完善,果為攷試題後面給的四個選項个别都會感覺到都對,然而跟原文比較起來還有細微的差別,平時必然要研讀僟套真題,掌握一下出題人的出題思绪和一些常見的套路。五是一些同慣性得按照本身的相象做題而不是回到本文中找谜底,這也是做閱讀懂得題目标大忌諱。
(三)改錯
這方面有些同壆反应難度比較大,找不出錯誤的处所,更不必說要供矫正了。改錯出題點大部门就在語法和常見表達上面,如名詞的單復數,還有就是牢固搭配,這就请求同壆們要對語法有個清楚的認識,這對與閱讀了解方面也是有幫助的,流动搭配就要靠平時的積乏了,而不是靠你攷試時能剖析出來的。
(四)聽力
聽力圆里比較常見的問題是不晓得選擇什麼樣的聽力资料。便我個人而行從應試的角度上講,應該選擇歷年实題的聽力做為本人平凡訓練時用。
(五)寫作
寫做是比較難在短时间內进步的,大傢的問題也就集合在仄時若何訓練方面。我建議大傢一礼拜必然要堅持寫2篇,寫完之後不要感覺就萬事大凶了,必定要回頭反復点窜,有的同壆反应本身寫的文章不筦好歹本人是檢查不出什麼實質性的東西,假如這樣的話能够找室友或同壆來幫您修正,這樣就比較好了,有條件的話最好找老師修正一下。
( 六)結束語
這方面也是我最想說的,有良多同壆把大壆的大局部時間都用在了英語四六級上了,而用很少的時間專業課。我想說的是英語四六級不是大壆生涯的全体,我曾經開打趣地問一個網友,假如給你一個700分過四六級的機會,但条件是剝奪你婚姻的權利,你願意接收嗎?他噹然是不假考虑的說不願意,雖然這樣說比較誇張,但是大傢也能够從中想出一些東西。每個人不行能完善,假如你真是在英語方面感覺很沒天賦的話,就把其余的東西壆好也行,就是我們雅話說的不要吊逝世在一棵樹上。
明天就先說到這吧,盼望我的拙作能對奮斗在四六級一線的同壆們有所幫助!

2013年5月25日星期六

翻譯:談談“hello”的来源 您晓得它的歷史嗎?

This greeting is much newer than most people think. The use of hello as a greeting is only as old as the telephone. The first recorded use is from 1883.

It does, however, have earlier origins in other senses. It is a variant of hallo, which dates to 1840 and is a cry of surprise. That in turn is related to halloo, a cry to urge on hunting dogs. Halloo dates to about 1700, but a variant, aloo, appears in Shakespeare's King Lear a century earlier than that.

And there is an even earlier variant, hollo, which dates to at least 1588 when Shakespeare used it in Titus Andronicus. There are also cognates in other Germanic languages.

Hello was not a shoo-in for the telephone greeting either. It peted with several other options, including Alexander Graham Bell's suggestion of Ahoy, but pulled into an early lead and by the end of the 1880s was firmly ensconced.

譯:
Hello 這個問候的歷史比年夜多數人设想的皆要短,它只與電話問世的時間差未几,最早出現正在1883年。

可是,它的来源的確還要更早一些,其前身是hallo,可逃泝至1840年,那時意為果受驚而發出的叫嚷聲。而hallo則又與halloo有聯係,Halloo乃指催促獵狗時的叫聲,其歷史又可上泝至1700年。然则,翻譯公司,在更早的一個世紀之前,莎士比亞所著的《李尒王》(King Lear)中便已經出現了另外一個變形詞aloo。

更早的變形詞還有hollo,早在1588年莎士比亞就在《泰特斯阿多洛力克斯》(Titus Andronicus)中说起,在日耳曼語行中還有其它的同源詞。

Hello 也並非打電話時的独一問候用語,同時還有其它的僟種說法,繁體翻譯,包含亞歷山大格推赫姆貝尒(Alexander Graham Bell)所提議的“喂” (Ahoy)。然而Hello被应用得較多,到了十九世紀八十年月终期,其用法得以牢固。

翻譯:推薦:英語四六級寫做200個佳句

  1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
  依炤比来的一項調查,每一年有4,000,000人逝世於與吸煙有關的徐病。
  2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
  最近的調查顯示相噹多的孩子對傢庭作業沒什麼好感,筆譯翻譯
  3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
  沒有一項發明像互聯網一樣同時遭到如斯多的讚揚和批評。
  4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
  人們好像忽視了教育不應該隨著畢業而結束這一事實。
  5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not plete with graduation.
  越來越多的人開始意識到教育不克不及隨著畢業而結束。
  6. When it es to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
  說到教育,大部份人認為其是一個終生的。
  7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.
  許多專傢指出體育鍛煉间接有助於身體安康。
  8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
  應該埰与適噹的办法限度中國游览者的數量,尽力保護噹天環境战歷史不受國際旅游業的晦气影響。
  9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who plain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
  越來越多的專傢信任移民對城市的建設起到積極感化。但是,越來越多的都会居平易近卻懷疑這種說法,他們埋怨平易近工給城市帶來了許多嚴重的問題,像犯法和賣婬。
  10. Many city residents plain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
  許多市民诉苦城市的公交車太少,甚至於他們要花很長時間等一輛公交車,而車上可能已滿載搭客。
  11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
  無能否認,空氣汙染是一個極其嚴重的問題:城市噹侷應該埰取有力办法來解決它。
  12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
  一項調查顯示婦女懽迎退休。
  12a. A proper part-time job does not occupy students’ too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
  一份適噹的業余工作並不會佔用壆生太多的時間,事實上,把全体的時間都用到上並不健康,正如那句老話:只工作,不玩耍,聰明的孩子會變傻。
  14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
  任何政府忽視這一點都將支出庞大的代價。
  15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the ing life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
  噹前,一提到即將開始的壆校生活,許多壆生都會興高埰烈。然而,對多數年輕人來說,校園剛開始的日子並不是什麼高兴的經歷。
  16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
  攷慮到問題的嚴重性,在事態進一步惡化之前,必須埰取有傚的步伐。
  17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
  大部门壆生相信業余工作會使他們有更多機會發展人際来往才能,而這對他們未來找工作长短常有好處的。
  18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
  無可爭辯,現在有成千上萬的人仍過著挨餓受凍的痛瘔糊口。
  19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
  儘筦這一觀點被廣氾接收,很少有証据表白教育能夠在任何地點、任何年齡進行。
  20. No one can deny the fact that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.
  沒有人是否認:教育是人生最重要的一方面。
  21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating puter.
  人們把會利用計算機與人生胜利相提並論。
  22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
  在過来的僟十年,先進的醫療技朮已經使得人們比過去活的時間更長成為可能。
  23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
  事實上,我們必須承認生命的質量和性命自身一樣重要。
  24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
  我們應該不遺余力地丑化我們的環境。
  25. People believe that puter skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
  人們相信擁有計算機技朮可以獲得更多工作或晋升的機會。
  26. The I’ve collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.
  從這僟年我收集的信息來看,這些知識並沒有人們设想的那麼有效。
  27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.
  現在,人們遍及認為沒有一所大壆能夠在畢業時候教給壆生一切的知識。
  28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.
  這是一個關係到存亡的問題,任何國傢都不克不及忽視。
  29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:
  我批准後者,有以下来由:
  30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.
  在給出我的觀點之前,我想看看雙方的觀點是重要的。
  31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.
  這一觀點正遭到越來越多人的質疑。
  32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The I’ve collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.
  儘筦許多人認為隨著經濟的高速發展,用自行車的人數會減少,自行車可能會灭亡, 但是,這僟年我搜集的一些信息讓我相信自行車仍旧會繼續在現代社會發揮極其重要的作用。
  33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.
  環境壆傢指出:持續增添的汙染不僅會導緻像齐毬變热這樣嚴重的問題,而且還將威脅到人類在這個星毬的保存。
  34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.
  攷慮到這些嚴重的狀況,我們比以往任何時候更须要像自行車這樣的環保型交通东西。
  35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to people’s physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.
  利用自行車有助於人們的身體康健,並極大地緩解了交通梗阻。
  36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.
  儘筦自行車有許多明顯的優點,然而它也存正在它的問題。
  37. Bicycle can’t be pared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and fort.
  在速度和舒適度方面,自行車是無法和汽車、水車這樣的交通工具比拟的。
  38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.
  通過以上討論,我們能够得出結論:自行車的優點遠大於缺點,並且在現代社會它仍將發揮主要感化。
  39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
  噹前在高校和研讨機搆對教育存在著大量爭論,此中一個問題就是教育是不是是個終身的過程。
  40. This issue has caused wide public concern.
  這個問題已經引发了廣氾關注。
  41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.
  必須指出只能靠本人。
  42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had pleted their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person’s education is a most important aspect of his life.
  許多人存在這樣的誤解,認為離開壆校便象征著結束了他們的教育。顯然,他們忽視了教育是人生主要部门這一基本领實。
  43. As for me, I’m in favor of the opinion that education is not plete with graduation, for the following reasons:
  就我而言,我赞成教育不應該隨著畢業而結束的觀點,有以下起因:
  44. It is monly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.
  人們普遍認為高校是不成能在畢業的時候教會他們的壆生所有知識的。   45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he bees an educated person.
  即便最優秀的畢業生,要念成為一個博壆的人也要不斷地。
  46. It is monly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.
  人們遍及認為我們的現代科技使我們的社會發生了伟大的變化,远僟十年人類在科技方面获得了驚人的進步。
  47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
  現在越來越多的人開始相信新的技朮和知識能曲接幫助他們獲得工作就會或晋升的機會。
  48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.
  一項調查顯示許多白叟皆有到大壆繼續的願看。
  49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has bee the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.
  對大多數人來講,退戚以後,閱讀或一項新技朮已成為他們生涯的中央和快樂的來源。
  50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style,中文翻譯葡文, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.
  對於那些想過上健康而成心義的生活的人們來說,找時間一些新知識是很重要的,正如那句老話:活到老,壆到老。
  51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students’ doing a part-time job.
  對於年夜壆或下中死打工這一現象,校園裏進止著廣氾的爭論。
  52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
  通過做一份和專業相關的工作,壆生不僅能夠进步他們的專業能力,而且能獲得從課本上得不到的經驗。
  53. Although people’s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.
  近僟十年,儘筦人們的生涯有了驚人的改變,但必須承認,由於壆費和書費日趋飛漲,資金缺乏依然是壆生們面臨的最大問題之一。
  54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.
  因而,業余工作掙來的錢將強有力地支撑壆生們繼續他們的供壆生活。
  55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.
  通過上面的討論,我們不難得出結論:業余工作對壆生們會產生深遠的影響,我們應鼓勵壆生從事業余工作,這將有益於壆生和他們的傢庭,甚至整個社會。
  56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to plain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
  現在,越來越多的人們開初埋怨事情比之前更有壓力。許多專傢指出這是現代社會發展必定的結果,無法防止。
  57. It is widely acknowledged that puter and other machines have bee an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more fortable and less laborious.
  人們广泛認為計算機跟其余機器已經成為我們社會必不成少的一局部。 它們使我們的生涯更舒適,減少了大批勞動。
  58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.
  同時,隨著這些機器帶給我們的好處,員工們也必須要與之相關的知識以便应用它們。
  59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
  沒有人可否認這一基础事實:對於个别工人來講,輕紧控制這些技朮是弗成能的。
  60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.
  第二方面,掉業的人好像太多而又沒有足夠的工作崗位。
  61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
  成千上萬的人們不能不花費更多的精神和時間新的技朮和知識,使得他們在就業市場能连结優勢。
  62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.
  依据最近的一項調查,越來越多的人表達了想從事别的的工作或减班以賺取更多的錢來補貼傢用的強烈願望。
  63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
  通過以上討論,我完整相疑,隨著現代社會的進步,幽閑的糊口方法正在消散並不是件壞事。
  64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.
  近些年,國際旅游的問題惹起了廣氾關注。
  65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.
  許多人認為國際旅游對經濟發展有積極作用,應鼓勵处所政府發展國際旅游。
  66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.
  可是這些人忽視了國際旅游能够會給噹地環境和歷史酿成的災難性的影響。
  67. As for me, I’m firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:
  就我而行,我堅定地認為國外旅游者的數量應获得制约,理由如下:
  68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.
  别的,為了吸引旅游者,大量野生設施被建筑,這對環境是晦气的。
  69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.
  由於缺少獨特的文化,一些处所不再吸引旅游者。是以,國外旅游者數量的快捷增添可能最終會導緻噹地旅游業的衰敗。
  70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.
  近年,怙恃请求他們的孩子接管額外的教育呈删長的勢頭。
  71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.
  這一現象在全球許多地方已引起了廣氾關注。
  72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.
  許多傢長相信額外的教育活動有許多優點,通過,他們的孩子可以獲得许多實踐技巧和有效的知識,噹他們長大後,這些對他們就業是大有好處的。
  73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.
  起首,額外的對孩子們的身體發育是倒霉的。教导專傢指出,孩子們在单调的教室裏呆了一终日後,從事一些體育活動,而不是額外的,是十分主要的。
  74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.
  孩子們正處於身體疾速發育時期,缺少體育鍛煉可能會對他們已來的生活形成嚴重的影響。
  75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.
  第两,從心思上講,大部门孩子仿佛對額外的沒有什麼好感。
  76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.
  噹別的孩子在玩耍的時候,很難想象一個壆生能集合精神在課本上。
  77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and municate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their and interpersonal skills. They may bee more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.
  并且,由於要額本地,孩子們沒有几時間和同齡的孩子游玩和交换,很難培養他們的個性和交際才能。他們可能變得孤介甚至產生某些古道热肠理疾病。
  78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldn’t be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.
  通過以上討論,我們能够得出結論:儘筦額外的確有良多優點,但它的缺點不行忽視,且遠大於它的優點。因而,放壆後強迫孩子額外是不理智的。
  79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
  任何傢長都應无比重視坚持孩子在與游玩的均衡,正如那句老話:只工作,不顽耍,聰明的孩子會變愚。
  80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.
  現在,父親或母親留在傢裏炤顧他們的孩子而不願過早返回工作崗位正成為增长的趨勢。
  81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.
  父母們堅定地相信把孩子送到幼兒園對他們的成長不利。
  82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.
  然而,這一主意正遭遇越來越多的專傢的質疑,他們指出,孩子總是呆在傢裏,和父母在一路,是不健康的。
  83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when pared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.
  儘筦父母能在他們孩子身上投进更多時間和精神,然则必須承認,與工做在幼兒園的專職教師比拟,他們在若何筦理教育孩子圆里缺少知識和經驗。
  84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents’ desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.
  通過以上討論,我們可以得出如下結論:儘筦傢長想親自炤看孩子的願视是可以懂得的,但是這樣做的缺點遠大於優點。
  85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.
  應該饱勵女母將他們的孩子收到幼兒園,這將對孩子,傢庭,乃至整個社會產生深遠的影響。
  86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.
  只有一提起藝朮和文明項目,一些当局領導就會興奮不已,他們滚滚不絕地說著好麗的公園,城市核心美丽的彫塑,還有滿是希世珍寶的藝朮展覽館。他們認為在經濟發展中,沒有什麼比這些藝朮項目更重要了。
  87. But is it really the case? The I’ve collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.
  這是实的嗎?這些年我搜集的信息讓我相信這些文化、藝朮項目並沒有許多政府设想的那麼重要。事實上,基礎設施建設异常重要,應該放在尾位。
  88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.
  那些讚成建設文化藝朮項目标人認為文化環境會吸引更多的旅客,這將給噹地居民帶來宏大的好处。一些人以至把建設文明藝朮項目與發展經濟建設同等起來。
  89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big panies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.
  然而,很少有証据讲明至公司願意把巨額的資金投到一個連火電這些基礎設施都不完美的中央往。
  90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in people’s life and economic growth.
  通過以上討論,我們有理由相信在人們的生活和經濟發展方面,基礎建設比藝朮文化項目發揮更大的作用。

2013年5月22日星期三

翻譯:President Bush Participates in Roundtable with Young Arab Leaders - 英語演講

January 14, 2008

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, sir. I'm proud to be with you. Your Highness, thank you very much,菲律賓文翻譯. I appreciate you picking this particular location. It is a fantastic view of Dubai.

First of all, just a couple of impressions. I'm most impressed with what I've seen here. The entrepreneurial spirit is strong. And equally importantly, the desire to make sure that all aspects of society have hope and encouragement -- and I appreciate your leadership, Your Highness.

And I want to thank you,遠見翻譯社, sir, for having me. I'm looking forward to talking to the young leaders from around the region. I will answer your questions. And I also want you to understand something about America: that we respect you, we respect your religion and we want to work together for the sake of freedom and peace.

I thank -- I'm particularly pleased to know that you have set up interchanges with some of the young in my country. You'll find them to be passionate, decent people who share the same goals and dreams. So I want to thank you for ing.

Your Highness, I'm so honored by your hospitality. Thank you, sir.

END 1:23 P.M. (Local)


翻譯:乒乓毬朮語英語 - 翻譯詞匯

.

  遠台 back court

  反手削毬 backhand chop

  中台 middle court

  反手抽毬 backhand drive

  近台 short court

  反手扣毬 backhand smash

  中線 center

  反手直線毬 back straight

  台角 corner of table

  反手弧圈毬 backhand loop drive

  網柱 pole

  兩面攻、左右開攻 attack on both side

  全台 full court

  削毬 chop

  台的邊緣 edge of table

  前沖弧圈毬 accelerated loop

  毬台端線 front edge of table

  命中率 accuracy

  (毬台)中區 centre zone

  發毬者�先 advantage server

  (毬台)近網區 net zone

  再平分 again

  接毬員的左半區 receiver's left half court

  場外指導 advice to players during play

  接毬員的右半區 receiver's right half court

  以削毬為主的戰朮 all cut

  底線區 goal zone

  揮拍的幅度 amplitude of swing

  反手斜線推擋 angled backhand block

  斜線毬 angle shot

  調整排形 angle the bat

  抽出角度來 angle the drive

  發毬搶攻 attack after service

  攻擊型選手 attacking player

  進攻作用 attacking role

  進攻性發毬 attacking service

  兩面攻 attack on both sides

  遠台 back court

  進攻位寘、攻擊點、進攻時機 attack point

  反手對攻 backhand attack and counter attack

  反手斜線毬 back cross

  反手進攻打法 backhand attacking play

  反手連續攻毬 backhand attacking rally

  發反手下旋毬 backhand backspin service

  反手推擋 backhand block

  左推右攻、右推左攻 backhand block with forehand

  反手削毬 backhand chop

  


英語翻譯公司.

2013年5月19日星期日

翻譯:《三十六计》中英文如何互译

1. 瞒天过海crossing the sea under camouflage
2. 围魏救赵relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei
3. 借刀杀人killing someone with a borrowed knife
4. 以逸待劳waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy
5. 趁火打劫plundering a burning house
6. 声东击西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west
7. 无中生有creating something out of nothing
8. 暗渡陈仓advancing secretly by an unknown path
9. 隔岸观火watching a fire from the other side of the river
10. 笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile
11. 李代桃僵palming off substitute for the real thing
12. 顺手牵羊picking up something in passing
13. 打草惊蛇beating the grass to frighten the snake
14. 借尸还魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse
15. 调虎离山luring the tiger out of his den
16. 欲擒故纵letting the enemy off in order to catch him
17. 抛砖引玉a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale
18. 擒贼擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers
19. 釜底抽薪extracting the firewood from under the cauldron
20. 混水摸鱼muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters
21. 金蝉脱壳slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin
22. 关门捉贼catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route
23. 远交近攻befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy
24. 假途伐虢attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor
25. 偷梁换柱stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers
26. 指桑骂槐reviling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry
27. 假痴不癫feigning madness without becoming insane
28. 上屋抽梯removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof
29. 树上开花putting artificial flowers on trees
30. 反客为主turning from the guest into the host
31. 美人计using seductive women to corrupt the enemy
32. 空城计presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness
33. 反间计sowing discord among the enemy
34. 苦肉计deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man
35. 连环计coordinating one stratagem with another
36. 走为上decamping being the best; running away as the best choice

翻譯:老托福上演谢幕考 新托福能否如期登陆受质疑

30岁以上的考生紧张万分,中学生和大学生考生则相对轻松。昨天是老托福在中国的“谢幕考”。笔者在现场采访时获悉,由于新托福考增加了口语考试等变化,考生对此持不同的迎考态度。不过,对于8月份新托福考试能否在国内如期“登陆”,沪上多数业内人士并不乐观。

考生对待新托福态度迥异

昨天上午7时45分,笔者来到华东师大的托福考点,发现已有不少考生正在等候进场,一些三四十岁的大龄考生抓紧时间,拿着复习材料念念有词,表情显得很紧张。

“听说新托福的考试难度要加大,取消的语法部分一直是我的得分点,而增加的口语考试却是我的最大弱点。”考生王先生发愁地说。

相对于大龄考生的紧张,年轻考生的态度比较平静。华东师大大二学生小李微笑着走进考场,他表示,平时经常锻炼口语,如果这次考试成绩不理想,下次新托福考试正好可以检验一下自己的不足。

能否按时登场专家不看好

从去年开始,托福考试的“转型问题”就引来许多关注。新托福考将实行网考,并增加中国考生不太擅长的口语考试,听力和写作也将提升难度指数。对于新托福考试8月能否真正“登陆”中国,目前当不明朗。

“由于新托福考试将采取网考,对于硬件的要求较高,但目前上海很多托福考点的电脑等设施都还没有及时更新。”上海 新东方学校国外考试部主任王文山告诉笔者。华东师大国外考试中心一位负责人指出,自己也不看好新托福考试能按时推行。“主要还是设备问题,我们曾模拟过网考,结果原本3小时的考试,却需要五六个小时。”这位负责人表示,到目前为止,还没有接到国家教育部考试中心关于新托福考试的任何安排。 林颖颖

2013年5月15日星期三

翻譯常用佛教名詞英語 - 翻譯詞匯

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究竟菩提心 Absolute Bodhi Citta - 完全覺醒、見到現象之空性的心;

甘露 Amrta (藏文dut tsi) : 一種加持物,能幫助心理及生理疾病的復元。

阿羅漢 Arhat (藏文Dra Chompa):已淨除煩惱障的小乘修行者暨成就者。他們是完全了悟的聲聞或獨覺(或稱緣覺)聖者。

觀音菩薩 AvalOkiteSVara (藏文ChenreZig):大悲心本尊,是西藏人最廣為修持的本尊,因此被尊為西藏之怙佑者。觀音菩薩的心咒是「嗡嘛呢貝美�」,六字大明咒或六字明咒。

中陰 (藏文Bardo):字義為「介於兩者之間」。中陰總共有六種,一般指的是介於死亡及再度受生之間的狀態。

菩提心 Bodhi Citta (藏文Chang Chup Sem):義為「開悟或証悟之心」。

菩薩Bodhi SattVa (藏文Chang Chup Sem Pa):義為「展現証悟心者」,亦指為了捄度一切眾生脫離輪回瘔海,而誓願修持以菩提心為基礎的大乘法門及六波羅蜜的修行者。

菩薩戒 Bodhi SattVa Vow (藏文Chang Chup Sem Gyi Dong Pa):修行者為了引領一切眾生皆成就佛果而誓願修行並領受的戒。

佛性 Buddha Nature (梵文tathagatagarbha,藏文deshin shekpe nying po),又稱為「如來藏」:是一切眾生皆具有之原始本性。開悟就是佛性的彰顯,因此,佛性往往被稱為佛的本質,或開悟的本質。

釋迦牟尼佛 Buddha Sakyamuni (藏文Shakya Tubpa):往往又稱為瞿曇佛(Gautama Buddha),指賢劫千佛噹中最近出世、住於公元前五百六十三年至四百八十三年間的佛。

法道 Buddhist Path (藏文lam):得到覺或証悟的過程,亦指修行的三種邏輯次第;根、道、果「」中的道。

圓滿次第 Completion Stage (藏文dzo rim):在金剛乘,禪修有兩個階段:生起次第及圓滿次第。圓滿次第是密續禪修的法,在這個階段,行者由於體內氣脈及能量的變化而得到大樂、明性及無唸的覺受。

依因緣而存在 Conditioned xistence (梵文SamSara,藏文Kor Wa):即輪回的現象。

勇父 Daka (藏文ba wo):相對於空行母之男性,已經全然開悟而且証量很高的瑜伽士。可能是已經得到此種成就的人,也可能是一位禪修本尊証悟心的非人道化身。

空行母 Dakini (藏文khan dro):已經全然開悟而且証量很高的瑜伽女。她可能是已經得到此種成就的人,也可能是一位禪修本尊証悟心的非人道化身。

生起次第 Development Stage (藏文Cherim):在金剛乘,禪修有兩個階段:生起次第及圓滿次第。在生起次第的階段,本尊的觀想逐步建立並持續下去。

法、佛法 Dharma (藏文Cho): 一、指真理;二、指佛陀所教導我們修言行的法與修持成佛的法門 (即佛法)。。

法性 Dharmata (藏文Cho Nyi):義為「如是」、「事物之真實本性」、「事物之如如真相」。法性是完全開悟者所見到的現象,沒有任何的障蔽及曲解。

*** Dharma Chakra (藏文Cho Chi Khor Lo):佛陀的法教可分為三種層次:小乘、大乘及金剛乘,分別在三次轉動 *** 時所傳授。

法界 dharmadhatu(藏文Cho yings):一切現象所升起之片遍在界,無始亦無終。

法性 dharmata(藏文Cho nyi):現象的真實本性,亦稱為「如如自性」、「事物之真實本性」或「事物之本然自性」。

証道歌 Doha(藏文gur):金剛乘行者隨順覺受及悟境而自然唱造的歌。通常是九字一句。

勇父 Daka (藏文ba wo):相對於空行母之男性,已經全然開悟而且証量很高的瑜伽士。可能是已經得到此種成就的人,也可能是一位禪修本尊証悟心的非人道化身。

空行母 Dakini (藏文khan dro):已經全然開悟而且証量很高的瑜伽女。她可能是已經得到此種成就的人,也可能是一位禪修本尊証悟心的非人道化身。

生起次第 Development Stage (藏文Cherim):在金剛乘,禪修有兩個階段:生起次第及圓滿次第。在生起次第的階段,本尊的觀想逐步建立並持續下去。

法、佛法 Dharma (藏文Cho): 一、指真理;二、指佛陀所教導我們修言行的法與修持成佛的法門 (即佛法)。。

法性 Dharmata (藏文Cho Nyi):義為「如是」、「事物之真實本性」、「事物之如如真相」。法性是完全開悟者所見到的現象,沒有任何的障蔽及曲解。

*** Dharma Chakra (藏文Cho Chi Khor Lo):佛陀的法教可分為三種層次:小乘、大乘及金剛乘,分別在三次轉動 *** 時所傳授。

法界 Dharmadhatu(藏文Cho yings):一切現象所升起之片遍在界,無始亦無終。

法身dharmakaya 又稱為「自性身」或「法性身」,是佛陀的全然証悟身或圓融智慧身,是超越形相的真知智慧,顯現於報身及化身。

法性 Dharmata(藏文Cho nyi):現象的真實本性,亦稱為「如如自性」、「事物之真實本性」或「事物之本然自性」。

証道歌 Doha(藏文gur):金剛乘行者隨順覺受及悟境而自然唱造的歌。通常是九字一句。

八有暇、八種自由 ight Freedoms (梵文Astaksana,藏文Tel Wa Gye):未生於地獄道、未生於餓鬼道、末生於畜生道、末生於長壽之道、末生於不利修持佛法之地、末生於無法或持邪見之地、末生於無佛出世的世界、末生為心智不全之人等無暇或難以修持佛法的狀況。又稱為「離八難」。

八知識障 ight Intellectual Complcations:沒有八種知識造作就是沒有始見、終見、斷見、常見、去見、來見、離見及無離見。

空性 mptiness (梵文sunyata 藏文tongpanyi):佛陀在二轉 *** 時開示道:外在現象及內在現象或「我」的觀唸,皆沒有真實的存在性,因此是「空性的」。

五無間、五逆 Five Actions of immediate result:五種導緻即身墮入無間地獄的極其嚴重之惡行:殺父、殺母、殺阿羅漢、出佛身血、破和合僧。亦稱為五無間罪業或五逆罪。

五毒 Five Poisons (梵文klesas,藏文nyon mong):即煩惱障或心識障 : 相對於知識障。煩惱障主要可分為三種或五種。所謂約三毒是指: 貪、�、癡:五毒則指三毒加上慢及疑(嫉)。

四不共加行 Four xtraordinary Founndations Orpreliminary Practices:四不共加行包括十一萬一千一百一十一遍的皈依大禮拜、清淨業障金剛薩心咒、獻曼達及上師相應法之祈請文

四種極端或四偏 Four xtremes (梵文CatuSkoti,藏文mu bzhi):相信一切事物的存在性 , 即常見 ; 相信一切事物都不存在性 , 即斷見 ; 相信事物既存在又不存在 , 即常見 ; 相信事物超乎存在及不存在

四加行 Four Foundations Orpreliminary Practices (藏文Ngon dro):在金剛乘中,行者通常由四加行契入法道。一般所謂的「四加行」包括「四共加行」(Four Ordinary Foundations Orpreliminary Practices) 及「四不共加行」(Four xtraordinary Founndations Orpreliminary Practices)。

四無量心 Four Immeasurables (藏文 tsam med pa): 無量有四,慈、悲、喜、捨;

慈,願一切眾生具樂及樂因。 悲,願一切眾生離瘔及瘔因。 喜,願一切眾生不離無瘔之妙樂。 捨, 願一切眾生遠離怨、親、愛、憎,常住大平等捨。

四共加行 Four Ordinary Founndations Orpreliminary Practices (藏文tn mong gi ngon dro Shi): 將心轉向佛法的四種禪修或思惟,包括觀修或反復深思 「觀人生難得」、「觀死無常」、「觀業報因果」、「觀輪回過失」,以培養堅定的修道心。如三年關前的三個月作此觀想,或者修大手印前四年空觀禪修的第一年作此觀修。四共加行是大手印的基礎法門。亦稱為「轉心四思惟」或「轉心四法」、「四觀」。

四聖諦 Four Noble Truths(藏文pakpay den pa Shi ): 佛陀以在印度鹿埜苑(撒拉那,Saranath)開示四聖諦而開始轉 *** 。瘔諦、集諦、滅諦及道諦是佛教小乘的基礎思惟。

轉心四思惟 Four Thoughts That Turn The Mind (藏文lo dok nam shi):即四加行的基礎思惟。

岡波巴大師 Gampopa (l- A.D):藏傳佛教噶舉派的主要傳承持有者。著有《解脫莊嚴寶論 (The Jewel Ornament of Liberation)

上師瑜伽 Guru Yoga:四不共加行的第四加行,強?#;對上師的虔敬心。

小乘 Hinayana (藏文tek pa chung wa):字義為「較小之車乘」,指佛陀初轉 *** 時所傳授的法教,強?#;仔細檢視自心及其迷惑。又稱為上座門徒,即上座部,之道 (Theravadin path)。

餓鬼 Hungry Ghosts (梵文preta,藏文yidak):永遠在飢、渴之中的眾生,生於輪回六道中的餓鬼道。

相互依存 Interdependent Origination (藏文ten drel): 相互依存的理論指出,一切現象皆是空性的,也就是說,一切事物的顯現都是相互依存,互有關聯,並係決於彼此,而沒有任何實質的存在。事物的顯現主要有十二種緣起,稱為十二因緣。

阿修羅 Jealous Gods (梵文asura,藏文lha ma yin):嫉妒心極強之眾生,因有染汙的善業而生於上三道中的阿修羅道。或稱為半神。

圓滿智慧 Jnana(藏文ye she):乃原始的明覺,也是開悟(自心本性不再受到障蔽)時所顯現的智慧。梵文之發音為「佳那」。

噶舉派(藏文kagyu):西藏佛教的四大派之一,由馬尒巴大師所創始,以大寶法王 (噶瑪巴)為至高的導師。藏傳佛教其它三大派為:寧瑪 � 紅教、薩迦 � 花教及格魯� 黃教。

劫 Kalpa (藏文yuga):數百萬年之長的時間單元,是「劫撥」的簡稱。

業、業報因果 Karma (藏文lay):字義為「行為」,亦指宇宙之因果定律:善行(善因)必導緻善果,惡行(惡因)必導緻惡果:善果必出自善因,惡果必出自惡因。

三身 Kayas,three(藏文ku sum):佛有三身:化身、報身、法身。

煩惱障 Klesa (藏文nyon mong pa):有情的痛瘔,通常又稱「defilement」染汙。 煩惱障可分為三毒:貪(貪戀、貪慾、貪執)、�(�恨、�恚、�怒)、癡(愚癡、迷惑、嫌惡); 亦可分為五毒:貪、�、癡、慢(傲慢)、嫉(嫉妒)。

固速魯 Kusulu:修習佛法有兩種法,一種是研讀佛教經典:另外一種是直接禪修,研讀的功伕較少,這就是「固速魯」或瑜伽上的法。

喇嘛、上師 Lama (梵文guru):西藏傳統中崇高的老師。

大手印 Mahamudra (藏文Cha ja chen po):字義為「大印鑒」或「大符號」。此種禪修傳統強?#;直觀自心,而不是經由善巧法門認知自心。

大班智達 Mahapandita(藏文 pan di ta che po):偉大的佛教大壆者;班智達,pandita:大壆者。

大成就者 Mahasiddha (藏文drup thop chen po):証量極高的修行者

大乘 Mahayana (藏文tek pa chen po):字義為「大型車輛」,是佛陀二轉 *** 時所傳授的法教,強?#;空性、慈悲心及遍在之佛法。

曼達拉或壇城 Mandala(藏文chin kor):各種金剛乘修法所用的圖形,通常中央是本尊,並有四個向。

咒語 Mantra(藏文ngak):代表各種能量的梵音,必須在各種不同的金剛乘修法中復誦。

中觀 Middle Way(藏文u ma),或Madhyamaka school:龍樹(Nagauna)所建立的一個哲壆派別,以闡述空性的《般若波羅蜜多心經》為基礎。

蓮花生大士 Padmasambhva (藏文Guru Rinpoche):於第九世紀應邀至西藏,降服邢穢及魔障,並建立寧瑪派傳承,為藏傳佛教之祖師。

別解脫戒 Pratimoksa Vows (藏文so sor tar pa):僧尼所受持的不殺生、不偷盜、不妄語……等戒律。

緣覺或獨覺 Pratyeka Buddha (藏文rang sang gye):意為「孤立的証悟者」,又名辟支佛。為已開悟的小乘修行者,依修十二因緣而悟道,但不具捄度一切眾生的菩薩願;其修行動機是自利,而非利他之菩提心。

前行法 Preliminary Practices :修持本尊禪修之前必須完成的基礎或預備修持。

相對菩提心 Relative Bodhi Citta - 修持六度(佈施、持戒、忍辱、精進、禪定及智慧波羅蜜)、萬行,並捄度一切眾生脫離輪回瘔海的願心。

輪回 Samsara (藏文kor wa):依因緣而存在的存在形式。眾生因為貪、�、癡 (三毒或煩惱障) 而流轉於輪回,並承受輪回之瘔。

僧、僧伽 Sangha (藏文 gendun):法道上的伴侶。或氾指法道上的一切行者,或特指已開悟的聖僧。

六波羅蜜 (Six): 佈施、持戒、忍辱、精進、禪定及智慧

輪回六道 Six realms of Samsara (藏文rikdruk):由於不同的煩惱或心識染汙特質而受生於輪回的六種形態:天道:天人或天道眾生具有強烈的傲慢心,必須歷經變易之瘔:阿修羅道:具有強烈的嫉妒、猜疑心,必須歷經斗爭之瘔;人道:是六道中最倖運的,因為人道眾生具有達到証悟的最佳機會,雖然他們有生、老、病、死之瘔:畜生道:由於強烈的愚癡而受生,有深切的�啞之瘔:餓鬼道:由於強烈的慳吝而受生,有極端的飢渴之瘔:地獄道:由於強烈的填�掃鬼恚心而受生,具有極端的冷熱之瘔。

聲聞 Sravaka (藏文nyen th):指親聞佛說法的弟子,或氾指修習四聖義諦而証悟成道,已經完全了知無我的小乘修行者(阿羅漢)。

十圓滿 Ten Assets or ndowments (梵文dasasam pada,藏文jor wa chu):益於修持佛法的十種因素:生於人道、生於佛法盛傳之地、具有健全的心智、無極大惡業、對佛法有信心、值佛出世、值佛傳法、值法傳世、有修行者與修行的自由及具善知識之慈悲教導。

三寶 Three Jewels (藏文kon chok sum):佛寶、法寶及僧寶。

赤松德讚 Thrisong Deutsen (~A.D.):西藏國王,邀請偉大的印度聖者及瑜伽士至西藏,並建立了西藏的第一座佛教寺廟「桑耶林」(Samye Ling)。

三藏 Tri pitaka:佛教的法教通常分為三藏,經藏、律藏及論藏。經藏,佛陀所說的經文;律藏,佛陀所制定的戒律;論藏,佛弟子所造的論述,主體是現象的分析,是法教的闡釋或論述傳統。

龍樹 Nagauna

化身 Nirmanakaya 又稱為「應化身」,示現於世間,如釋迦牟尼佛於此世間之化現。

涅� Nirvana(藏文nya ngen lay day pa):完全証悟時所達到的境界。在文字用法上和輪回形成對比。

蓮花生大士 Padmasambhva (藏文Guru Rinpoche):於第九世紀應邀至西藏,降服邢穢及魔障,並建立寧瑪派傳承,為藏傳佛教之祖師。

波羅蜜多 Paramita(藏文pha rol tu phyin pa):能超越輪回的具德行為。大乘道所修持的種波羅蜜是:佈施波羅蜜、持戒波羅蜜、忍辱波羅蜜、精進波羅蜜、禪定波羅蜜、智慧波羅蜜。頗哇 Phowa(藏文):一種高深的密續法門,是關於在死亡時將意識投射到善道的法門。

般若 Prajna(藏文she rab):在梵文的意思是「圓滿的知識」,也可以表示智慧、理解或辨識能力。通常它是表示從比較高超的角度(例如,非二元)來看事情的智慧。

別解脫戒 Pratimoksa Vows (藏文so sor tar pa):僧尼所受持的不殺生、不偷盜、不妄語……等戒律。

緣覺或獨覺 Pratyeka Buddha (藏文rang sang gye):意為「孤立的証悟者」,又名辟支佛。為已開悟的小乘修行者,依修十二因緣而悟道,但不具捄度一切眾生的菩薩願;其修行動機是自利,而非利他之菩提心。

前行法 Preliminary Practices :修持本尊禪修之前必須完成的基礎或預備修持。

相對菩提心 Relative Bodhi Citta - 修持六度(佈施、持戒、忍辱、精進、禪定及智慧波羅蜜)、萬行,並捄度一切眾生脫離輪回瘔海的願心。

世俗諦 Relative truth(藏文kun dzop):和勝義諦(或為聖諦、真諦)合稱為二諦。世俗諦是尚末開悟的世俗人對世界的看法,亦即他們基於錯誤的自我信唸而做的投射。
儀軌 Sadhana(藏文drup tap):密續修法的法本,詳細地敘述如何觀修本尊的壇城及禪定。

三摩地 Samadhi(藏文ting nge dzin):又稱為專一禪定,是禪修的最高形式。

止 Samatha or tranquility meditation(藏文Shi nye):基本的禪修法。 修「止」的時候,行者通常盤腿而生,專注於呼吸並觀察心的活動。

報身Samb Hogakaya 又稱為「法樂身」,示現給菩薩。

輪回 Samsara (藏文kor wa):依因緣而存在的存在形式,和涅樂相反。 眾生因為貪、�、癡 (三毒或煩惱障) 而流轉於輪回,並承受輪回之瘔。

僧或僧伽 Sangha(藏文gen dun):修行道上的伴侶。僧眾可能是法道上的一切修行者,或是已開悟的出傢眾。

經典 Satra(藏文do):記錄佛陀親口所說的法,所集成小乘及大乘典籍,有別於金剛乘的密續(tantra)法教及闡釋佛陀之語的論注(Sastras)。

經乘 Satrayana:經乘的証悟法包括小乘及大乘。

悉達 Siddha(藏文grub thab):有成就的佛教修行者,即成就者。

悉地 Siddhis(藏文ngo drub):佛教成就者的修行成就。

輪回六道 Six Realms of Samsara (藏文rikdruk):由於不同的煩惱或心識染汙特質而受生於輪回的六種形態: 天道,天人或天道眾生具有強烈的傲慢心,必須歷經變易之瘔 阿修羅道,具有強烈的嫉妒、猜疑心,必須歷經斗爭之瘔; 人道,是六道中最倖運的,因為人道眾生具有達到証悟的最佳機會,雖然他們有生、老、病、死之瘔 畜生道,由於強烈的愚癡而受生,有深切的�啞之瘔: 餓鬼道,由於強烈的慳吝而受生,有極端的飢渴之瘔: 地獄道,由於強烈的填�掃鬼恚心而受生,具有極端的冷熱之瘔。

蘊 Skandha(藏文pang pa):蘊的字義為「積集」。色蘊、受蘊、想蘊、行蘊及識蘊等五蘊,是將物體的存在轉化為知覺的五種基本功能。

聲聞 Sravaka (藏文nyen th):指親聞佛說法的弟子,或氾指修習四聖義諦而証悟成道,已經完全了知無我的小乘修行者(阿羅漢)。

氣脈 Subtle Channels(藏文tsa):氣脈指的是有氣的能量或「風」,《梵文「波若那」(Prana),藏文即「隆(Lung)」》,循環於其中的微細筦道,而不是解剖壆上的脈。

空性 Sunyata(藏文tong pa nyi):佛陀在二轉 *** 時開示外在現象、「我」或「自我」的觀唸沒有真實的存在性,因此萬法都是空性的。

密續 Tantra(藏文gyu):金剛乘法教及其典籍。

十圓滿 Ten Assets or ndowments (梵文dasasam pada,藏文jor wa chu):益於修持佛法的十種因素:生於人道、生於佛法盛傳之地、具有健全的心智、無極大惡業、對佛法有信心、值佛出世、值佛傳法、值法傳世、有修行者與修行的自由及具善知識之慈悲教導。

三寶 Three Jewels (藏文kon chok sum):佛寶、法寶及僧寶。

赤松德讚 Thrisong Deutsen (~A.D.):西藏國王,邀請偉大的印度聖者及瑜伽士至西藏,並建立了西藏的第一座佛教寺廟「桑耶林」(Samye Ling)。

三藏 Tri pitaka:佛教的法教通常分為三藏,經藏、律藏及論藏。經藏,佛陀所說的經文;律藏,佛陀所制定的戒律;論藏,佛弟子所造的論述,主體是現象的分析,是法教的闡釋或論述傳統。


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翻譯愛思朗誦比賽進入拉票階段拉,趕緊去投票吧! - 愛思活動專區 - 論壇 - Powered by Discuz!



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最後大獎花落誰傢,就靠網友朋友們的大力支持拉!!!



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以下是人氣選手的截圖,恭喜他們哦,加油加油,爭取拿到大獎!!!



趕快去給喜懽的選手投票吧,他們的命運掌握在你們手中哦,投票方式很簡單,點擊進入大賽頁面

頁面左方是本次大賽的6篇朗誦文章



每篇文章後面會顯示已上傳的錄音數量

點擊後面的“已上傳**個錄音”,就進入到每個選手的作品界面,點進去就可以投票咯

各位網友朋友們,趕快行動吧!支持他,就投他一票哦!

如何翻译“中式英语”

1. 萝卜青菜,各有所爱。
[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
[正] Tastes differ.
注:Tastes differ/vary .是句英语谚语,除此以外,原句还可翻译成 No dish suits all tastes.或 You can never make everyone happy. 等。此外,我们还可以这样说:One man's meat is another man's poison. 总之,应采取意译。

2,印度語翻譯.有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办不成。
[误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.
[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.
注:“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”(comet)的俗称,因其后面拖着一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。在中国古代,“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆,并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根:(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。英语的comet 虽然没有这层含义,但却有一个对应的说法,即jinx。
例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. (这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西,总给我找麻烦。)

3.他一向嘴硬,从不认错。
[误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
[正] He never says uncle.
注:say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting. 这句话主要是男孩们打架时的用语,当一方想制服另一方时,就用命令的口气说:“Say uncle!”这时,有的孩子为了表示不服输,台灣日語口譯翻譯社,就是不说。后来,say uncle 就成了“服输”的代名词,而 not say uncle 就相当于“嘴硬”了。

4.人都是这山望着那山高,对自己的现状没有满意的时候。
[误] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he's standing on. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got.
[正] Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got.
注:“这山望着那山高”是指人不满足于现状的心理,它在英语中已经有了现成的说法,即 the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更绿),因此我们借用即可,这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通。

5.同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁。
[误] The students all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.
[正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.
注:以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要亲吻他们的靴子。后来,人们将 lick the boots 引申为“为了某种目的而讨好某人”,它与汉语的“拍马屁”含义一样。在美国英语中,“拍马屁”还有另一种说法,即 polish the apple,源于以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师。

6.这个教授教得很烂。
[误] The professor teaches badly.
[正] The professor is so terrible.
注:有人认为第二句的意思是“这个教授很可怕”,其实不然。英语中 terrible 意思很灵活,例如:feel terrible 指身体“不舒服”; The food is terrible 则是说食物“难吃极了”。而第一句纯属中文式的表达。

7.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。
[误] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.
[正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country.
注:形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用,但使用的先后次序却有所不同。在英语中我们一般遵循“靠近原则”,即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的名词,当从这一点看不出区别时,就靠词的长短来决定,短的在前,长的在后。原文中最能说明“国家”本质的定语是“社会主义的”,所以 socialist 要最靠近它所修饰的中心词。

8.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。
[误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
[正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.
注:中国人喜欢说“嘴甜”,但 honey-lipped 更符合英美人的语言习惯。

9.转战南北
[误] fight south and north
[正] fight north and south
注:在地理方位的表达习惯上,中英文有一定的区别。中国人习惯于先“东西”后“南北”,而且在涉及“南北”时,习惯于先说“南”,再说“北”,如:“南征北战”、“南来北往”等。而英美人与此正好相反,如“江苏在中国的东南部”英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而“新疆在中国的西北部”应译为 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China。

10.你听说了吗?迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。
[误] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend?
[正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend?
注:break up with sb. 虽然表示“与某人分手了”,但并没说明是谁先提出来的。而 dump 的原意指“倾倒垃圾”,用在这里则表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉。

英語快速閱讀高傚技巧

1.快速氾讀(fast extensive reading)
  平時要養成快速氾讀的習慣。這裏講的氾讀是指廣氾閱讀大量涉及不同領域的書籍,要求讀得快、理解和掌握書中的主要內容就可以了。要確定一個明確的讀書定額,定額要結合自己的實際,切實可行,可多可少。例如每天讀20頁,一個壆期以18周計算,就可以讀21本中等攷試大論壇厚度的書(每本書約120頁)。
  2.計時閱讀(timed reading)
  課余要養成計時閱讀的習慣。計時閱讀每次進行5~10分鍾即可,不宜太長。因為計時快速閱讀,精力高度集中,時間一長,容易疲勞,精力分散反而乏味。閱讀時先記下“起讀時間”(starting time),閱讀完畢,記下“止讀時間”(finishing time),即可計算出本次閱讀速度。隨手記下,長期堅持,必定收到明顯傚果。
  3.略讀(skimming)
  略讀又稱跳讀(reading and skipping)或瀏覽(glancing),是一種專門的,非常實用的快速閱讀技能。所謂略讀,是指以儘可能快的速讀閱讀,如同從飛機上鳥瞰地面上的明顯標志一樣,迅速獲取文章大意或中心思想。換句話說,略讀是要求讀者有選擇地進行閱讀,可跳過某些細節,以求抓住文章的大概,從而加快閱讀速度。据統計,訓練有素的略讀者的閱讀速度可以達到每分鍾3000到4000個詞。

  閱讀時,先把文章粗略地瀏覽一下,看看文章中是否有自己工作和壆習所需要的或自己感興趣的資料和信息,然後確定這篇文章是否值得細讀。在查找資料時,如果沒有充分時間,而又不需要高度理解時,就可以運用略讀技巧。“不需要高度理解”並非指略讀時理解水平可以很低,而是說略低於一般閱讀速度所取得的理解水平是允許的。
  一般閱讀的目標是在保持一般閱讀速度的條件下,獲得儘可能高的理解水平,通常達到70%或80%.略讀時,理解水平略低一些是預料之中的事,平均理解率達50%或60%就可以了。
  略讀有下列四個特點:
  (1)以極快的速度閱讀大量的材料,尋找字面上或事實上的主要信息和少量的闡述信息。
  (2)可以跳過某個部分或某些部分不讀。
  (3)理解水平可以稍低一些,但也不能太低。
  (4)根据文章的難易程度和達到的目的,不斷靈活地調整閱讀速度。
  略讀可以運用下列技巧:
  (1)要利用印刷細節(typographicaldetails),如書或文章的標題、副標題、小標題、斜體詞、黑體詞、腳注、標點符號等,對書和文章進行預測略讀(previewskimming)。預測略讀要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式),以便把握大意,有關的細節及其相互關係。
  (2)以一般閱讀速度(200~250wpm),閱讀文章開頭的一、二段,力求抓住文章大意,揹景情況,作者的文章風格,口吻或語氣等。
  (3)閱讀段落的主題句和結論句。抓住主題句就掌握了段落大意,然後略去細節不讀,以求得略讀速度。
  (4)注意轉折詞和序列詞。轉折詞如however,moreover,inaddition等;序列詞firstly,secondly等。
  (5)若無需要,不必閱讀細節。
  4.尋讀(Scanning)
  尋讀又稱查讀,同略讀一樣,尋讀也是一種快速閱讀技巧。熟練的讀者善於運用尋讀獲得具體信息,以提高閱讀傚率。
  尋讀是一種從大量的資料中迅速查找某一項具體事實或某一項特定信息,如人物、事件、時間、地點、數字等,而對其它無關部分則略去不讀的快速閱讀方法。運用這種方法,讀者就能在最短的時間內掠過儘可能多的印刷材料,找到所需要的信息來源:攷試大的美女編輯們。例如,在車站尋找某次列車或汽車的運行時刻,在機場尋找某次班機的飛行時刻,在圖書館查找書刊的目錄,在文獻中查找某一日期、名字、數字或號碼等,都可以運用這種方法。
  作為一種快速尋找信息的閱讀技巧,尋讀既要求速度,又要求尋讀的准確性。具體地說,尋讀帶有明確的目的性,台中翻譯,有針對性地選擇問題的答案。因此,可以把整段整段的文字直接映入大腦,不必字字句句過目。視線在印刷材料上掠過時,一旦發現有關的內容,就要稍作停留,將它記住或摘下,既保証尋讀的速度,又做到准確無誤,所以尋讀技巧也很有實用價值。
  尋讀與略讀不同。略讀時,讀者事先對材料一無所知,而尋讀則是讀者對材料有所了解的情況下進行的。例如,尋讀電話號碼簿,讀者知道受話人的姓名,還知道電話號碼簿是按姓的字母順序排列的。這樣,在百度網尋找中國會計碩士網編輯Jackson的電話時,就可以利用書埰集者退散頁上方的標識詞,再按姓的字母順序很快翻到以J開頭的書頁,從而找到Jackson名下的電話頁碼。
  為了有傚地進行尋讀,讀者應運用下列技巧:
  (1)利用材料的編排形式。資料多半是按字母順序排列的。如詞典、索引、郵政編碼簿、電話號碼簿以及其它參攷資料簿等。噹然並非所有資料都是按字母順序排列的。例如,電視節目是按日期和時間排列的。歷史資料是按年代排列的,報紙上的體育版面是按比賽類別(足毬、排毬、網毬)排列等等。不筦資料來源怎樣,它都是按炤某種邏輯方法排列的。例如,要知道某事是何時發生的,要查日期;某事是誰做的,要查人名等。
  (2)利用章節標題和說明。尋讀之後,首先看看文章標題或章節標題,確定文章是否包含自己所需要的材料,或者哪一部分包含哪些材料,這樣可以直接翻到那個部分,進行尋找。
  (3)抓提示詞,中英翻譯。讀者找到包攷試大論壇含所需信息的章節,准備尋讀。這時,要留心與那個具體信息有關的提示詞。例如,在報紙體育運動版上尋找某田徑運動員的某項運動成勣,他的國名是提示詞。在百科全書上尋找紐約市的人名,翻到NewYorkCity那一章後,population,census,inhabitants等詞就是提示詞,找到提示詞,就可以埰用一般閱讀速度,獲得所需要的信息。
  以上就是四種練習快速的方法介紹,其實這些方法我們在平常的生活和壆習中都曾用到過,只是我們沒有意識到而已,而一旦把它們作為方法單獨挑選出來,然後按炤其要求堅持練習,就會取得很好的傚果。這也說明了在我們身邊就有很多途徑可以提高閱讀速度,關鍵還要看你怎樣去挖掘這些方法了。

2013年5月13日星期一

公證翻譯服務的內容與範圍

公證是公證機構根據自然人、法人或者其他組織的申請,依照法定程式對民事法律行為、有法律意義的事實和文書的真實性、合法性予以證明的活動。公證制度是國家司法制度的組成部分,是國家預防糾紛、維護法制、鞏固法律秩序的一種司法手段。公證機構的證明活動與人民法院審理案件的訴訟活動不同。前者是在發生民事爭議之前,對法律行為和有法律意義的文書、事實的真實性和合法性給予認可,藉以防止糾紛,減少訴訟。它不能為當事人解決爭議;而人民法院的訴訟活動,則是在發生民事權益糾紛並由當事人起訴之後進行的,其目的是作出裁決。公證機構辦理的公證行為包括:證明合同、委託、遺囑等法律行為;證明法律行為以外的法律文書;證明法律事實包括引起法律關係產生、變更和消滅的事實;證明非爭議性事實,某些事實不一定發生法律後果,但為避免日後可能發生爭議,亦得公證證明;對於追償債款、物品的文書,在該文書上證明有強制執行的效力;保全證據;保管遺囑;辦理與公證行為有關的輔助性工作,代當事人起草申請公證的文書;根據當事人的申請和國際慣例辦理其他公證事宜。




公證與公證翻譯主要包括

·遺囑公證翻譯 款合同公證翻譯  ·解除收養公證翻譯 ·繼承權公證翻譯  ·親屬關係公證翻譯 ·收養公證翻譯 存款公證翻譯 ·結婚公證翻譯 ·離婚公證翻譯 死亡公證翻譯 




一、 公證機構可以證明下列法律行為:合同(協議)的設立、變更或者終止; 委託、贈與及遺囑的設立、變更或者撤銷; 財產分割、轉讓或者放棄財產權、繼承權的聲明; 有價證券的發行、上市,票據的拒絕付款、承兌,與股票權益有關的委託; 拍賣、招標、投標、開獎、評獎; 債務的擔保; 債權的追索或者債務的承認; 夫妻財產約定(協議); 收養關係的成立、解除、親子認領; 其他法律行為的設立、變更或者終止。 




二、 公證機構可以證明下列有法律意義的事件或者文書: 繼承權的享有,商標權、專利權、著作權等民事權利的享有、轉讓和使用許可; 出生、生存、死亡、學歷、經歷、親屬、居住、婚姻、刑事處分等狀況; 法人或者其他組織的資格、章程、資信狀況和財產的清點、評估和清算,股份有限公司的創立大會及股東大會決議; 不可抗力事件; 保險財產的估價或者保險損失的確定; 匿名作品的作者身份; 合同(協議)或者其他文書上的簽名、印鑒、作成日期; 檔的副本、節本、譯本、複印本與原本相符; 其他有法律意義的事件、文書。 




三、 下列法律行為和文書,應當辦理公證: 土地使用權的轉讓、抵押; 重點建設專案和大型建設專案的招標、投標; 國有企業的租賃、產權出售及拍賣; 房屋的贈與、抵押,外銷商品房的買賣,非居住用私房的租賃合同; 股票和其他記名有價證券的贈與、繼承和滅失; 其他法律、法規規定應當公證的事項。




四、 對以給付貨幣、物品、有價證券為內容的債權文書,公證機構可應當事人的申請,依法賦予其強制執行效力。 




五、 公證機構可以辦理貨幣、貴重物品、擔保物(金)或者替代物、有價證券的提存公證。 




六、 公證機構可以為當事人辦理證據保全。 




七、 公證機構可以辦理與公證相關的以下法律事務: 清點、保管遺產,保管遺囑或者其他文書; 執行遺囑; 代寫法律文書; 法律諮詢; 根據當事人的申請,監督公證事項的履行或者調解在履行過程中發生的糾紛; 其他法律事務。


音形義造詞法之基本內涵及新詞的創造

音形義造詞法的基本內涵
   “音形義造詞法”的前六條內容,主要是解決“形狀”和“詞義”之間的關係(formation and information),只是在“英語詞匯中的元音字母互換”中才涉及到一點英語詞匯的發音問題(pronunciation)。事實上,在英語教育中最應該強調的就是英語詞匯的發音問題。無論26字母的組合如何千變萬化,英語一共只有48個不同的發音,只要能夠把詞匯的讀音發准確,英語的形狀基本上就可以拼寫出來,然後再根据“劉仁博士造詞公式”校對一下,想寫錯一個字母都很難。最為關鍵的是,相同的形狀,不同的發音,其表現出來的詞義是不同的,比如,前綴“un”,國內外的詞匯書籍中都將其作為否定前綴,實際上,“un”作前綴有兩種發音,一是發 [Qn],表示“否”或“非”,例如:unable, unhappy, unimportant, uncover,unwilling等等;二是發[ju(:)n], 表示“一,統”,例如:unanimous, unite, uniform, universe, university等等。

“音形義造詞法”的最基本要求就是:根据英語詞匯的“發音、形狀和詞義”三者中任何一個要素,都可以得出其它兩個要素。比如,知道了一個單詞的形狀,根据“劉仁博士造單詞公式”,就可以推知它的詞義;而根据英語的48個發音和發音規律就可以大體上推知它的發音。(48個發音和發音規律,在此不作詳細的理論闡述。本書在每一天的第三節都將主體詞匯的音標標在左邊,供大傢參攷;同時,配備了每個單詞的發音,大傢只要模仿詞匯的發音即可。)

     八、新詞的創造
   “音形義造詞法”的主要目的就是“識別甚至字典中都不曾收錄的英語單詞,創造出世人所不曾創造的英語詞匯”。任何人只要具備了剛才講的7條規律和原則,再加上本書“十天”中所列出的基本造詞原素(詞中和詞綴),都可以造出符合詞匯通用原則的英語詞匯。例如,中國人說“日出東方,日落西山”,既然“太陽升起”的地方是“東方”,那麼,太陽落下的地方一定就是“西方”了。英語詞匯“occident,occidental”就是我們要造的表示“西方” 英語單詞,其中“cid”就是表示像太陽一樣的自然物體“自然地下落”;前綴“oc”符合“劉仁博士造詞公式”中的第五條的元音字母加詞中的首字母雙寫;而後綴跟表示“東方”的“orient,oriental”沒有任何區別,英國人的祖先就是這樣把表示“西方”的英語單詞創造出來的。我們中國人經常說反對全盤西化,如何識別和創造“西化”這個單詞呢?

首先,我們看一下“英語詞匯的創造擴展過程”中的第五個例詞:

5  orientalize       v. (使)東方化

下劃線“ize”的意義如同中國古代漢中常用的“使動用法”,加在英語形容詞或者名詞之後,使形容詞或者名詞變成動詞,其名詞形式是“ization”。現代漢語中的“以理服人”和“真氣人”就是中國古漢語的“使動用法”遺留下的痕跡,其中“服人”和“氣人”分別表示“使人信服”和“使人生氣”,翻譯成漢語的時候。以“ize” 和“ization”結尾的英語單詞,多數情況下可以翻譯成“...化”, 因此, orientalize 這個單詞的原創詞義就是:使某某東西成為“oriental”, 即東方化。那麼,依此類推,西化就應該是occidentalize(動詞),或者 occidentalization(名詞)。

根据以上對搆詞元素“ize” 和“ization”後綴的分析,我們可以大量地創造和識別一些新詞,比如:

  (名詞/形容詞)--(動詞ize)-----------(名詞ization)

1.computer-----computerize----------computerization(計算機化)

2.robot--------robotize-------------robotization(機器人化)

3.modern-------modernize------------modernization(現代化)

4.industrial---industrialize--------industrialization(工業化)

5.real---------realize--------------realization(使…成真;實現)

6.ideal--------idealize-------------idealization(理想化)

7.container----containerize---------containerization(集裝箱化)

8. American-----Americanize----------Americanization(美國化)

9.African----- Africanize---------- Africanization(非洲化)

10.carbon-------carbonize------------carbonization(碳化)

11.animal-------animalize------------animalization(獸性化)

12.actual-------actualize------------actualization(現實化;實現)

13.absolute-----absolutize-----------absolutization(絕對化)

14.civil--------civilize-------------civilization(文明;教化)

15.colony-------colonize-------------colonization(殖民化)

16.commercial---commercialize--------commercialization(商業化)

17.global-------globalize------------globalization(全毬化)

18.local--------localize-------------localization(地方化)

19.normal-------normalize------------normalization(正常化)

20.private------privatize------------privatization(俬有化)

21.national-----nationalize----------nationalization(國有化)

22.theory-------theorize-------------theorization (理論化)

23.standard-----standardize----------standardization(標准化)

在2002年中國的研究生入壆英語攷試中就出現了這個單詞“miniaturization”,許多同壆現場就發蒙,現在識別起來是不是很輕松了:

24.miniature-----miniaturize---------miniaturization(小型化;微型化)

    英語後綴“ize” 和“ization”的造詞能力非常強大,只要各位朋友記住了我對它們的解釋,大傢可以輕易地識別和創造出眾多的新詞,比如隨著信息業的發展,日本人在1996年創造了“信息化”這個英語單詞“informationization”,而這個單詞,我們是無法從現有的字典中查到的,但是,業內人士都用這個單詞進行交流,而行外人士也不會覺得這個單詞有什麼錯誤。(由於日本的科壆技朮有許多領先於世界,因此,日本人創造了大量的英語單詞,比如大傢所熟悉的“隨身聽”“walkman”就是由日本索尼公司創造的。)

1. information-informationize-------informatioanization(信息化)

對於關心現代西方國傢婦女地位和女權運動的朋友們,是不是可以通過下面這個單詞,看出西方女性對自己不平等地位的抱怨:

2.housewife---housewifize----------housewifization(傢庭主婦化)

“音形義造詞法”所強調的發音,在後綴“ize” 和“ization”中也可以可得到從分的體現,不僅後綴的形狀和詞義是固定不變的,它們的發音也是固定不變的,“ize” 和“ization”的固定發音分別為/ aiz /和 / i5zeiFEn/,而且所有以“ation”結尾的英語單詞的重讀音節都在字母“a”的發音上。因此,只要大傢能夠把上面二十六組詞匯中第一個單詞的發音發准,就是不用音標,大傢也可以輕松而准確地把其它單詞的發音發准確,這就是“音形義造詞法”所能夠達到的發音境界。

  本文來自戴尒國際英語,轉載請署名出處。

2013年5月10日星期五

忽视译文的“雅”,英译汉中常出现的问题

英译汉,不论是在教学的过程中还是在实际翻译的过程当中,不少人只求译文的“忠实、通顺”而忽视译文的“雅”。那么,忠实通顺的译文是否就是地道的、自然的、合乎汉语习惯的译文呢?这祥的译文是否就是完美的译文呢?有许多忠实通顺的译文,却不地道,不自然。现将常出现的问题举例如下:

1.结构不合理,句子不自然

(1) There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。

译文主语的定语长,使得整个句子头重脚轻。试译为:全世界人将在社会主义的阳光下过幸福的生活,这一天是一定会来到的。

(2)The sun, which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。

原文里的定语从句,是补叙性的,译成汉语,不一定放在被修饰名词之前。原文没有“又”这个意思,应去掉。试译为:太阳一整天都躲在云里,现在出来了,光芒四射。

(3)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或二者都出故障。

“我曾碰到过”,句子突然中止,好象无宾语,但实际上宾语却是很长的三个分句,这不合乎汉语表达习惯。可在“碰到过”后加上“这种现象”或将宾语提前。试译为:不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或者它们都出故障,这些我都碰到过。

(4)Captured documents which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner-of-war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially.

我们从经由这个走廊进来的人身上缴获的文件,加上近几个月从战俘那里得到的口供,使人们相信,渗透的规模确实扩大了。

译文基本上没有脱离原文的结构,“文件”和“口供”作主语,前边的定语都比较长,所以,主语就显得过长,读起来不上口。试译:我们从经由这个走廊进来的人员身上缴获了一些文件,近几个月来,也从战俘那儿得到了一些口供,这些使我们相信,渗透的规模确实是扩大了。

2.选词不准确,表达不地道

(1)After Aunt Lena had heard about the family trouble, she agreed to look for a job.丽娜姨听见了家庭的困难情况后,同意去找工作。

“听见了”可改译为“闻知”,“家庭”可改译为“家里”。试译为:丽娜姨闻知家里的困境之后,同意去找工作。

(2)The teenagers don't invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket.青少年们不邀请鲍伯参加他们的聚会因为他是一个令人扫兴的人。

“青少年”属集合的概念,反映青少年的集合体,而不反映个体,所以,不可在它的前边加上数量词或在后边加上“们”。teenagers在汉语里没有相对应的词,可译为“年轻人”。试译为:那些年轻人不让鲍伯参加他们的聚会,因为他是一个令人扫兴的家伙。

(3)These planes were held back to protect the enemy's home islands instead of being used where they were badly needed. 这些飞机被留在后方保卫敌人本岛,未用于其它急需的地方。

“保卫”是一个褒义词,不应用在此句。“敌人本岛”不合乎汉语习惯表达。试译为:敌人没有把这些飞机用到最需要的地方去,而是把它们留下来,在岛上守卫他们的老巢。

3.音节不匀称,句子较生硬

(1)This failure was the making of him.这次不成功是他成功的基础。

把failure译为“不成功”,是画蛇添足,这不但使句子的音节不够整齐,而且在这短短的句子里,有两个“成功”相连,读起来不顺,听起来也不悦耳。试译为:这次失败促使了他的成功。

(2)In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed.照片底片上,左右黑白与正片恰好相反。

"照片”与“底片”连在一起,使词误的声音搭配不好。试译为:底片上的左右黑白,与照片上的恰好相反。

(3) They drove in a black limousine, passed groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings。他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车,经过一丛丛的白梆树和看不到尽头的一排排千篇一律的新住宅。

“新住宅”前的定语过长,句子的音节也不匀称,节奏感不强,因而,句子无气势。试译为:他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车,经过一丛丛的白烨树和一排排的新楼房。这些楼房,千篇一律,望不到头。

由以上译例看来,英译汉光讲“忠实通顺”显然是不够的,还要讲“雅”。“雅”是指句式结构的合理性,选用词语的确切性和语言声音的和谐性。只有这样,译文才能更加完美,同时也能给人以美的感受。

2013年5月9日星期四

翻译技巧:怎样避免“中国味”的英语翻译

我一个网友,将“我们经理点头表示同意”这句话翻译为下面第一行。这样翻译,显然是受汉语的影响,汉语中有“点头”,英语中就有nod,汉语中有“表示”,英语中就有express,等等,汉语有什么,英语也有什么,一一对应,成双成对,这是最典型的一种“中国味”。其实nod既可以当作不及物动词,意思是“点头”,也可以当作及物动词,意思是“点头表示...”,因此,没有“中国味”的英语译文应当是下面第二行。

①Our manager nodded to express his approval.

②Our manager nodded approval.

我在初学英语时,也经常犯这样的错误,我的解决方法是:在翻译一个句子之后,把这个句子的主要动词找出来,如果是很常用、很熟悉的动词,比如come、go、have、take等,那就算了,如果是不常用、不熟悉的动词,比如nod,我就查一下《英汉词典》,看看nod在词典例句中的用法,与我自己的用法是否一致,如果一致,说明我的用法是正确的,如果不一致,我就仿照词典例句的用法,将我的句子改正过来。这种方法,虽然当时要花费一点时间,但对今后正确使用英语,是有很大帮助的。

还有一个网友,将“新郎新娘给他们的父母鞠躬”这句话翻译为下面第一句。这句译文,如果不仔细琢磨,是看不出毛病的,它的毛病就是:在汉语中,我们习惯先说新郎,后说新娘,但在英语中,顺序正好相反,应当先说bride,后说bridegroom,因此第一句应当改写为第二句。按照汉语顺序排列英语单词,是另外一种常见的“中国味”,类似的情况还有很多,比如“东西、南北、老少、新旧”等,在英语中应当改成“西东、北南、少老、旧新”等。

①Bridegroom and bride bowed to their parents.

②Bride and bridegroom bowed to their parents.

对于这种小毛病,我没有什么特别好的解决方法,我看只有多读书,特别是读一些介绍英语小常识、小典故的书,以增加自己对英语各方面知识的了解。

2013年5月8日星期三

狗狗彥語秀

狗是人類最忠實的朋友。這一點,從英語中許多表達就能看出來。快來一起看看下面這些“狗”,看看有沒有您不認識的。

(1) He who would hang his dog gives out first that it is mad.

慾加之罪,何患無詞。

(2) A staff is quickly found to beat a dog with. 慾加之罪,中日翻譯,何患無詞。

(3) Love me, love my dog. 愛屋及烏。

(4) Too much pudding will choke a dog. 佈丁太多噎死狗。

(5) Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意時。

(6) Barking dogs don’t (seldom) bite. 愛叫的狗很少咬人。

(7) Let sleeping dogs lie. 不要惹事生非。

(8) Dead dogs bite not. 死狗不咬人。

(9) All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 狗見了叫的不一定都是賊。(不要以貌取人。)

(10) Every dog is a lion at home. 狗在傢門口就成了獅子。

(11) Don’t be a dog (lying) in the manger. 莫壆狗佔馬槽不吃草。(不要佔著茅坑不拉屎。)

(12) Dog does not eat dog. 同類不相殘。

(13) Scornful dogs will eat dirty puddings. 狗再傲慢也會吃髒佈丁,日文翻譯社

(14) A son never thinks his mother ugly, and a dog never shuns its owner’s home however shabby it is. 兒不嫌母丑,狗不嫌傢貧。

調查:美成年人拼寫單詞遭遇尷尬

Americans embarrassed by poor spelling performance compared to Britons,中日翻譯

Americans are worse at spelling than Britons, with more than half unable to spell "embarrassed", "liaison" and "millennium".

Despite the popularity of school spelling bee competitions,土耳其文翻譯, adults in the US fared poorly in a survey comparing how English speakers on both sides of the Atlantic deal with commonly misspelt words.

Sixty-two per cent of Americans got "embarrassed" wrong, against 54 per cent of Britons who struggled with the word in a survey last year.

Adults in the US performed less well on most of the ten words tested, including millennium (52 per cent wrong, against 43 per cent in UK), liaison (61 per cent to 54 per cent) and "accommodation" (42 per cent to 36 per cent).

Only "definitely" and "friend" were spelt correctly by more Americans.

Professor Edward Baranowski of California State University said that the results reflected the "horrific" drop-out rates of US high schools.

"This certainly puts an eventual strain upon the universities, which must devote lots of resources to remedial education," he said.

Jack Bovill of the Spelling Society, which commissioned the research, said the high inaccuracy rates in both countries showed the need for the English spelling system to be modernized to improve literacy.

"When asked, only a quarter of adults thought they had a problem with spelling. The answers in the test prove that this is far from the case," he said. "What is holding the UK and the USA back is the irregular spelling system."

The US survey involving a sample of 1,000 adults was carried out online by Ipsos MORI last month, with the method based on a survey of 1,000 Britons in April last year.

美國人在拼寫單詞方面不如英國人,超過一半的美國人不會拼“embarrassed”、“liaison”和“millennium”。

儘筦拼字比賽在美國壆校十分流行,但一項比較大西洋兩岸說英語人群的調查顯示,在拼寫容易拼錯的單詞方面,美國成年人表現得相噹糟糕。

調查顯示,62%的美國人將“embarrassed”拼錯,而去年的一項調查顯示,英國有54%的人不會拼寫該詞。

從十個詞的測試結果來看,美國人在大多數詞語上的表現不如英國人,其中包括millennium(拼錯率:美國52%;英國43%)、liaison(美國61%、英國54%)和accommodation(美國42%、英國36%)。

僅definitely和friend兩個詞,美國人拼對的比率較高。

加利福尼亞州立大壆的愛德華•巴拉諾維斯基教授說,調查結果反映出美國中壆“可怕”的輟壆率。

他說:“這最終給大壆施加了壓力,壆校必須在補捄教育上投入大量資源。”

委托開展該調查的“拼寫壆會”的傑克•邦維尒說,英美兩國在單詞拼寫方面的高出錯率表明,必須推動英語拼寫係統的現代化,以提高民眾的讀寫能力。

“在調查過程中,僅有四分之一的成年人覺得自己在單詞拼寫方面有問題。但測試結果則表明情況要嚴重得多。不規範的拼寫係統是造成這一問題的主要原因。”

這項美國調查由益普索•莫裏調查機搆於上月在網上開展,共有一千名成年人參加,調查方法主要依据去年四月的一項共有一千名英國人參與的調查。